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Converging Technologies to Combat Emerging Infectious Disease ~ TREATMENT~

Converging Technologies to Combat Emerging Infectious Disease ~ TREATMENT~. Michiaki Masuda Dokkyo Medical University, JAPAN. Structure of the Chapter. Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation.

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Converging Technologies to Combat Emerging Infectious Disease ~ TREATMENT~

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  1. Converging Technologies to Combat Emerging Infectious Disease~ TREATMENT~ Michiaki Masuda Dokkyo Medical University, JAPAN

  2. Structure of the Chapter Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation

  3. Three kinds of EID • Emerging Infectious Diseases • SARS, HPAI, “the unknown” etc. • Existing Infectious Diseases • Measles, Dengue, AIDS etc. • Eradicated Infectious Disease(s) • Smallpox

  4. Lessons from Eradicated ID • Vaccine can be a powerful tool. (overemphasized?) • Possibility of bioterrorism • Lack of therapeutic drugs • Difficulty in research efforts

  5. Lessons from Existing ID • Vaccination programs aren’t always easy. (ex. Measlesand polio) • Vaccine development isn’t always easy. (ex. Dengue and HIV) • Technical difficulties • Ethical issues • Anti-viral drugs can be effective. (ex. HIV and influenza)

  6. Currently Available Interventions

  7. For effective intervention, drug development is indispensable.

  8. Structure of the Chapter Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation

  9. EID Lifecycle Treatment (Tr) Preventive Measures (PM) Surveillance & Detection (S&D) Prevention of Spread (PoS)

  10. EID Lifecycle Treatment (Tr) Preventive Measures (PM) Surveillance & Detection (S&D) Prevention of Spread (PoS) Availability of safe and effective therapeutic measures can become a good incentive for early diagnosis, making S&D more feasible.

  11. Structure of the Chapter Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation

  12. Required Technological Development • Common to drugs development in general • Specific to drug development for EID

  13. Required Technological Development • Common to drug development in general • Structure-based drug designing • Protein 3D structure determination • Molecular modeling • Chemical engineering • Personalized medicine • Pharmacodynamics & pharmacokinetics • Pharmacogenomics • Efficient/targeted drug delivery • Nanotechnology-assisted drug delivery

  14. Required Technological Development • Specific to drug development for EID • Assay system for pathogen proteins • High-throughput screening • Efficient assay system for the efficacy • In vivo: unfavorable • In vitro • Cell-based • Cell-free • Rapid linkage of pathogen identification to drug screening/designing

  15. Structure of the Chapter Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation

  16. Current Problems • Overexpectation for vaccine development (“Myth” from smallpox eradication?) • Insufficient efforts toward drug development • Effects of the “myth”? • Technical difficulties? (e.g., drug resistance) • Delays in approval? • Insufficient (academic or economical) incentives?

  17. Structure of the Chapter Introduction Role of treatment in EID life cycle Roadmap based on the results of workshops Discussion Policy recommendation

  18. Balanced Strategic Efforts • Drug development or vaccine development? (Different priorities for different diseases) • Proper allocation of resources (human resources, materials, funds etc.) • Academic incentives for anti-viral drug research • Economical incentives for drug development Think right and quickly before spending money!

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