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Basic Structure of a Cell

Basic Structure of a Cell. CELL THEORY. 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from other cells. Cell Size and Types. Cells must be observed under microscope Three Basic types of cells include :. Bacterial Cell. Animal Cell. Plant Cell.

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Basic Structure of a Cell

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  1. Basic Structure of a Cell

  2. CELL THEORY • 1. All living things are made of cells • 2. Cells are the basic unit of life • 3. Cells come from other cells

  3. Cell Size and Types • Cells must be observed under microscope • Three Basic types of cells include: Bacterial Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

  4. Number of Cells • Unicellular –composed of one cell • Multicellular-composed of many cells that may organize into tissues

  5. CELL SIZE

  6. Which Cell Type is Larger? _________ > _____________ > ___________ Plant cell Animal cell Bacteria

  7. Examples of Animal Cells Red blood cells Muscle cells Cheek cells

  8. Examples of Plant cells Guard Cells Pollen Xylem cells

  9. white blood cell Amoeba red blood cell muscle cell sperm cheek cells nerve cell Paramecium Examples of animal cells

  10. Onion Epidermal Cells Guard Cells root hair Root Hair Cell Examples of plant cells

  11. Organelles • “Mini Organs” that perform functions for the cell • In cytoplasm

  12. Nucleolus Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Animal Cell Organelles Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus

  13. Plant Cell Organelles

  14. Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Lipid bilayer 1. Cell/Plasma Membrane • Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins • Surrounds outside of ALL cells • Controls what enters or exits the cell

  15. 2.Cell Wall Cell wall • Found in plants and bacteria • Made of carbs • Supports and protects cell

  16. 3. Cytoplasm cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance • Holds organelles • ALL cells

  17. 4. Nucleus • Control center • Contains DNA

  18. 5. Nuclear Envelope/membrane • Double membrane- surrounds nucleus • Controls what exits/enters nucleus Nuclear pores

  19. 6. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Makes ribosomes

  20. 7. Nuclear Pore • Allows certain things to pass through the nucleus

  21. 8. Cytoskeleton • Maintains cell shape • Made of proteins • Microfilaments • Microtubules

  22. 9. Centrioles • Found only in animal cells • Only during cell division • Pulls DNA apart

  23. 10. Mitochondrion(plural = mitochondria) • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Makes Energy (ATP) • Has own DNA • What type of cell would have the most mitochondria?

  24. 11. Ribosomes • Make PROTEINS • Attached or Free 

  25. 12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) • Has ribosomes on its surface • Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell

  26. 13. Golgi Bodies Look like a stack of pancakes Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell

  27. Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES

  28. 14. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(Smooth er) • No ribosomes • Makes membrane lipids (steroids) • Detoxifies (Liver)

  29. 15. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts • “Suicide sacs”

  30. 16. PEROXISOME • Break down Hydrogen Peroxide produced by lysosomes

  31. 17. Vacuoles • Storage of waste, water, nutrients • Animal cells-small/absent • Plant cells-large Central

  32. 18. Chloroplasts • Plants only • Site of Photosynthesis

  33. 19. Vesicle • Sac that transports other substances (protein)

  34. 20. Cilia • Move cells or move something across the cell surface • Cilia-short, many (spirit fingers)

  35. 21. Flagella • Long hair-like structure for movement • Few amount of them

  36. Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

  37. Cilia Moving Away Dust Particles from the LungsRespiratory System

  38. Prokaryotes – The first Cells • No Nucleus • Bacteria • Simplest type of cell • Single, circular DNA

  39. Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Cytoplasm with organelles

  40. Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cells Plant cells Irregular shape Regular shape No cell wall Cell wall present No chloroplast Have chloroplast Vacuole small or absent Large central vacuole

  41. Cell Size Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?

  42. Factors Affecting Cell Size • Surface area (plasma membrane surface) is determined by multiplying length times width (L x W) • Volume of a cell is determined by multiplying length times width times height (L x W x H) • Therefore, Volume increases FASTER than the surface area

  43. Cell Size • When the surface area is no longer great enough to get rid of all the wastes and to get in enough food and water, then the cell must divide • Therefore, the cells of an organism are close in size

  44. Cell Size Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? About the same size, but … The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!

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