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How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America?

United States History & Government || Br. Siraj 11 th Grade Boys & Girls || January 15, 2019. How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America?. Expansion of Public Education. Children’s School 1865- 1895: 12 to 16 weeks of school for children aged between 8 and 14

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How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America?

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  1. United States History & Government || Br. Siraj 11th Grade Boys & Girls || January 15, 2019 How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America?

  2. Expansion of Public Education • Children’s School • 1865- 1895: 12 to 16 weeks of school for children aged between 8 and 14 • Curriculum included reading, writing, and arithmetic • Strict Rules and physical Punishment • Kindergarten were started by private sector • Kindergartens surged from 200 in 1800 to 3000 in 1900. • Public Schools also added kindergarten to their system • Blacks and Whites differed in school going (34% black children compared to 62% white children)

  3. The growth of high schools • Industrial demand for technical and managerial skills spurred the growth of high schools • By 1900 high schools students reached ½ million. • Curriculum expanded to include science, civics and social studies • Vocational studies prepared male graduates for industrial jobs in the following fields: • Drafting, carpentry, and mechanics • Females for office work.

  4. Racial Discrimination • African Americans were mostly excluded from Public Secondary Education • In 1890 less than 1% of African Americans attended high school. • More than 2/3 went to private schools. • By 1920 only 3 percent of African Americans went to high School.

  5. Immigrants and Education • Immigrants were encouraged to go to school. • Most immigrants sent their children to Public Schools • Some Immigrants did not like the Americanization of their children • They set up private institutions • Adult immigrants attended night schools • Employers had day time education to Americanize their workers

  6. Expansion of Higher Education • Changes in Universities • Between 1880-1920 College Students increased 4 times than before. • Changes in College Curriculum took place • Research Universities appeared • New Schools were established in colleges: • Modern Languages, Psychology, Sociology, Law and Medicine. • Private Colleges required entrance examination

  7. Expansion of Higher Education • African Americans and Higher Education • African Americans attended higher education after the civil war in big numbers • They founded there own universities with the help of Freedmen’s Bureau and others • Howard, Atlanta and Fisk universities • Not enough could be done with private donors

  8. Expansion of Higher Education • Booker T. Washington believed in vocational education for African Americans • Started “Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute” • W. E. B. Du Bois believed in Normal Liberal Arts Education • Founded the “Niagara Movement”

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