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World War I and the Russian Revolution

CHAPTER 27. World War I and the Russian Revolution. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3: The Russian Revolution Section 4: The Terms of Peace Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe. Section 1:. Setting the Stage for War. Objectives:.

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World War I and the Russian Revolution

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  1. CHAPTER 27 World War I and the Russian Revolution Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3: The Russian Revolution Section 4: The Terms of Peace Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

  2. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Objectives: • Explain why rivalries increased among European nations. • Identify the military alliances that existed at the beginning of World War I and explain how they changed by late 1915. • Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”

  3. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism • Europeans leaders thought their goals could only be achieved by force

  4. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The System of Alliances • The Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary • The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and Great Britain

  5. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The Balkan “Powder Keg” • Provided outlet to the sea • Pan-Slavism

  6. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Mobilization of Europe • Russia supported Serbia • Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality

  7. Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The War Expands • Japan joined Great Britain and France • Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain, France and Russia for share of spoils • Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-Hungary and Germany

  8. Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Objectives: • Identify the advantages that each side had in World War I. • Explain how new technology affected the way in which World War I was fought. • Explain what led the United States to join the Allied Powers.

  9. Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War The Belligerents • Central Powers had more rapid communications and movement, and better army • Allied Powers had more soldiers, better industry, and better navy

  10. Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Innovations in Warfare • Machine gun • U-boat • Poison gas airplane • Tank

  11. Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Early Years of the War • Fighting on Gallipoli • Naval warfare • The stalemate – a war of attrition

  12. Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War The United States and World War I • Contraband • Propaganda about German atrocities • Democratic ideals

  13. Section 3: The Russian Revolution Objectives: • Identify the events that led to the Russian Revolution. • Explain how the Communists came to power. • Explain how Russia’s revolution affected its participation in World War I.

  14. Section 3: The Russian Revolution Russia in World War I • Poverty • Suppression of democracy • Weak Duma

  15. Section 3: The Russian Revolution Lenin and the Bolsheviks • Appealed to the poor Russian masses • Formed basis of communism

  16. Section 3: The Russian Revolution Peace and Civil War • Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers • Communists fought socialist opposition

  17. Section 4: The Terms of Peace Objectives: • Define the Fourteen Points. • Explain how the war ended. • Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers faced.

  18. Section 4: The Terms of Peace The Fourteen Points • Six general points to ensure a just and safer world • Eight points dealt with specific regions and countries

  19. Section 4: The Terms of Peace Defeat of the Central Powers • Arrival of American troops • Revolution in Austria-Hungary

  20. Section 4: The Terms of Peace The Paris Peace Conference • Problems facing the peacemakers – some countries were excluded; territorial conflicts • Reparations and peacekeeping – Allies wanted Germany to pay; League of Nations

  21. Section 4: The Terms of Peace What Kind of Peace? • Paris Peace Conference – conflicting viewpoints • United States wanted fair settlement • Many Allies wanted to punish Germany and break it up into regions occupied by Allied forces

  22. Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe Objectives: • Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. • Explain how territories were redivided after the war. • Explain how the League of Nations was structured.

  23. Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe The Treaty of Versailles • No draft • Maximum of 100,000 men • No heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines

  24. Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe Fates of Former Territories • Ethnic populations • Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia

  25. Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe The League of Nations • Organization – assembly, council, secretariat, World Court • Mandates – colonies of defeated powers ruled by “advanced” governments • The start of the League – 42 member nations grew to 59 by the 1940s

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