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Plant Processes: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Plant Responses

Explore the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants, including gas exchange and the role of stomata. Learn about the importance of these processes for plant survival and how plants respond to stimuli.

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Plant Processes: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Plant Responses

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  1. Chapter 15 Plant Processes

  2. 15.1 Photosynthesis & Respiration

  3. Gas Exchange in Plants • Humans: • Plants:

  4. Plants need water and CO2 to survive • ROOTS absorb most of the water & move it up through the plant • Stomata: small openings on leaves where water and gases enter & leave plants (**CO2) • Guard Cells: structures that swell & shrink to regulate the opening & closing of the stomata

  5. Stomata

  6. When guard cells lose water, they shrink and close the stomata. • Less CO2 enters and less H2O leaves • Stomata are usually closed at night or when the plant lacks water.

  7. Open & Closed Stomata

  8. Transpiration: • Loss of water vapor through the stomata of a leaf

  9. Photosynthesis: • The process by which plants use CO2, water, and sunlight to produce food Chlorophyll • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

  10. Chlorophyll: • A pigment that traps light energy from the sun and gives leaves and stems in plants their green color

  11. Steps of Photosynthesis • 1. CO2 & H2O are the “ingredients” • 2. These atoms are rearranged to form a new molecule (C6H12O6), a simple sugar called glucose • The energy in the chemical bonds of glucose is used by the plant for growth & reproduction

  12. Photosynthesis Table

  13. Products of Photosynthesis • O2 most is released through stomata • C6H12O6  main form of food for plant cells

  14. Importance of Photosynthesis • 1. provides food for nearly all other organisms on Earth • 2. removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replaces it with oxygen

  15. Respiration: • Series of chemical reactions by which all organisms break down food to release energy • Occurs in the mitochondria of a cell

  16. Respiration Equation • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy • This equation is the exact reverse of photosynthesis!

  17. 2 Types of Respiration • 1. Aerobic:occurs in the presence of O2 • 2. Anaerobic: occurs without O2 • Aerobic respiration combines oxygen and food to release the energy in the chemical bonds of food.

  18. Cellular Respiration Table

  19. Importance of Respiration • Energy in food is in a form that CANNOT be used by cells. • During respiration, food energy is converted into a form that all cells can use • Aerobic respiration returns CO2 to the atmosphere where it can be used again by photosynthetic organisms

  20. 15.2 Plant Responses

  21. Stimulus: anything in the environment that causes a change in the behavior of an organism • Response: change in behavior as a result of the stimulus

  22. 2 Types of Stimuli • 1. Outside (phone ringing) • 2. Inside (chemical reactions & hormones) • ALL living organisms, including plants, respond to stimuli.

  23. Hormones: • Substances made by cells for use somewhere else in the organism

  24. Tropisms: • Response of a plant to an outside stimulus • Can be positive or negative (toward or away from the stimulus)

  25. Thigmotropism: • plant response to touch • Gravitropism: • plant response to gravity • Phototropism: • plant response to light

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