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anfisman

ini mata kuliah anatomi fisiologi manusia semester 1

mrnitajulia
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anfisman

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  1. Sistem Saraf Sistemsarafpusat (CNS) Otak (Brain) Sumsumtulangbelakang (Spinal Cord ) Sistemsarafsomatik (SNS ) Devisi eferen (Motorik) Sistemsarafperifer (PNS ) Sistemsarafotonom (ANS) Sistemsarafsimpatis Devisi aferen Sensorik/visceral stimulus Otot Skeletal Otot polos Otot jantung, kelenjar Sistemsarafparasimpatis OrganEfektor (terdiri dari jaringan Otot dan kelenjar) Devisiaferen ; input keCNS dariperifer Devisieferen ; output dari CNS keperifer

  2. Peripheral Nervous System • Responsible for communication btwn the CNS and the rest of the body. • Can be divided into: • Sensory Division • Afferent division • Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS • Informs the CNS of the state of the body interior and exterior • Sensory nerve fibers can be somatic (from skin, skeletal muscles or joints) or visceral (from organs w/i the ventral body cavity) • Motor Division • Efferent division • Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles/glands) • Motor nerve fibers

  3. SarafPerifer SarafKranial • I. N. Olfaktorius • II. N. Optikus • III. N. Okulomotorius • IV. N. Troklearis • V. N. Trigeminus • VI. N. Abdusens • VII. N. Fasialis • N. Vestibulokoklearis • (N. Auditorius) • IX. N. Glosofaringeus • X. N. Vagus • XI. N. Aksesorius • XII. N.Hipoglosus SarafOtonom Saraf Spinal Simpatis Parasimpatis 31 pasang N. Spinalis Servikalis(C1-8): 8 pasang Torakalis(T1-12): 12 pasang Lumbalis(L1-5) : 5 pasang Sakralis(S1-5) : 5 pasang Koksigealis(Co1) : 1 pasang

  4. I. N. Olfaktoriussensoriksarafpenghidudalampenciumanolehhidung II. N. Optikussensoriksarafpenglihatandimulaidari retina mata III. N. Okulomotoriusmotorikdimulaidariotaktengahberakhirpadaotot otot yang menggerakkanmata IV. N. Troklearismotorikidem V. N. Trigeminussenso-motosensorik : N. oftalmikus, daerahdahimata - hidung N. maksilaris, daerahpipidanmaksila N. mandibularis, daerahmandibula motorik:ototmastikasi (untukmengunyah) (masseter, temporalis, pterygoideus) VI. N. Abdusensmotorikdimulaidaripons (otakbelakang) danberakhirpadaototototmata

  5. VII. N. Fasialissenso-motomotorikyang mempersarafiotototot wajahdanterkaitdenganekspresiwajah sensorikyang mempersarafilidah VIII. N. VestibulokoklearissensorikN.koklearisuntukpendengarandan (N. Auditorius) N. vestibularisuntukkeseimbangan danposisiruang IX. N. Glosofaringeussenso-motosensorikuntukpengecappadalidah motorikuntukserabutserabutke faring X. N. Vagussenso-motomerupakansaraf yang panjangkearahleher, torak - abdomen. Memilikibanyakcabang menginervasilaring, faring, jantung, paru, ginjal, hati, limpa, sal. Cerna-kolondesenden XI. N. Aksesoriusmotorikberjalanmenyilang/diagonal menginervasi ototsternomastoideusdantrapezius mempersarafiototleher, sebagianbesar faring danpalatum XII. N.Hipoglosusmotorikmempersarafiototototlidah

  6. Sistem saraf sensorik : Sistem saraf yang bertugas menerima rangsang / stimuli, merubah stimuli menjadi sinyal dan menjalarkan / mentransduksi impuls / sinyal menuju sistem saraf pusat untuk dinterpretasi dan memberikan respon terhadap impuls dari lingkungan eksterna maupun interna yang secara konstan menstimulasinya

  7. Motor Efferent Division • Can be divided further: • Somatic nervous system • VOLUNTARY (generally) • Somatic nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles • Autonomic nervous system • INVOLUNTARY (generally) • Conducts impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

  8. Brain Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Skin receptors Interneuron Muscle Somatic System • Nerves to/from spinal cord • control muscle movements • somatosensory inputs • Both Voluntary and reflex movements • Skeletal Reflexes • simplest is spinal reflex arc

  9. Refleks • Responapapun yang terjadisecaraotomatistanpausahasadar. • Jalur-jalursaraf yang berperandalamaktivitasrefleksdisebutlengkungrefleks, yang mencakup 5 komponendasar, yaitu: • Reseptor 4. Jalureferen • Jaluraferen 5. Efektor • Pusatintegrasi

  10. PNS dan ANS

  11. Autonomic Nervous System • Can be divided into: • Sympathetic Nervous System • “Fight or Flight” • Parasympathetic Nervous System • “Rest and Digest” • These 2 systems are antagonistic. • Typically, we balance these 2 to keep ourselves in a state of dynamic balance.

  12. SISTEM SARAF OTONOM (ANS) • Sistemsaraf yang mengaturfungsiviseraltubuh(tekanan darah, motilitasdansekresi gastrointestinal, outputurin, berkeringat, suhutubuh, dll). • Sistemsaraftaksadar. • Menurutfungsinya, dibedakanatas: • Sistemsarafsimpatis. • Sistemsarafparasimpatis.

  13. OutflowSistemSarafOtonom • Sistem sarafparasimpatis  Kraniosakral Segmenkranial: N. III, VII, IX, X Segmensakral: S2,3,4 • Sistem sarafsimpatis  Torakolumbar Segment Toraks 1 s/d 12 Segment Lumbar 1 dan 2

  14. SISTEM SARAF SIMPATIS • Sarafsimpatisberasaldaridalam medulaspinalisdiantarasegmenT-1 sampaiL-2 yaitumotoneuronsimpatiskornuintermediolateralsubstansiagrisea medulla spinalis. • Tiaplintasansimpatisterdiriatas neuronpra ganglion dan neuronpasca ganglion • Badansel neuron pra ganglion dikornuintermediolateral, sedangkanserabutnyaberjalanmelaluiradiks anterior medulaspinalisbersamasarafspinalis. • Serabutpra ganglion meninggalkansaraf spinal danberjalanmelaluiramus alba ganglion rantaisimpatis (trunkussimpatikus). • Di trunkusinibersinapsdengan neuron pasca ganglion

  15. Organ EfektorSistemSarafSimpatis

  16. SARAF PARASIMPATIS • Disusunolehserabutsarafkranial III,VII, IX, X dansaraf spinal sakral 2,3,4 • Neuron praganglionikdanpascaganglioniksepertipadasarafsimpatis.

  17. Organ EfektorSistemSarafParasimpatis

  18. Responfisiologis organ efektor

  19. Neurotransmitor • Nama lain: Transmitorkimia, neurohumoral • Senyawakimia yang berfungsimenghantarkanimpulssarafpadadaerahsinaps • Contoh: Asetilkolin (ACh) & Adrenalin = Epinefrin (Epi)

  20. Sarafkolinergikdanadrenergik • Sarafkolinergik: sistimsaraf yang mensintesadanmenggunakanasetilkolinsebagaineurotransmiternya • Sarafadrenergik : sistimsaraf yang mensintesadanmenggunakanepinefrinsebagaineurotransmiternya

  21. Sarafsimpatis Sarafparasimpatis kolinergik kolinergik kolinergik adrenergik

  22. ReseptorSarafOtonom SarafKolinergik • Muskarinikreseptor • Nikotinikreseptor Sarafadrenergik • Alfa reseptor : 1 ,  2 • Beta reseptor : 1 ,  2

  23. ManfaatMempelajariSistimSarafOtonom Denganmengetahuiefekhambatan ataustimulasineurotransmitorpada organ efektor  target terapisuatuobat

  24. Nervous System Organization

  25. SEKIAN

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