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Transcription and Translation Protein Synthesis

Transcription and Translation Protein Synthesis. What is it? Transcription happens when DNA is ________________ (making a template) into RNA Translation is when the information is ________________ into a protein.

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Transcription and Translation Protein Synthesis

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  1. Transcription and TranslationProtein Synthesis • What is it? • Transcription happens when DNA is ________________ (making a template) into RNA • Translation is when the information is ________________ into a protein

  2. Transcription: the process by which genetic information is ______________ from DNA to RNA. Steps: • RNA transcription starts on the DNA strand (the template) at the “_______________” (or start) gene. • RNA polymerase binds to the promoter gene and travels down one side of the template (original DNA) attaching complementary RNA bases and _____________________.

  3. 3. The base pairing rules are the same except U replaces T on the _______ strand. 4. This continues until it reaches a DNA region called the “___________________ signal” (or stop). 5. The RNA polymerase releases both the DNA molecule and the newly formed RNA molecule (travels to __________________). 6. DNA closes back up! This newly formed strand is called ________ or messenger RNA.

  4. Complementary mRNA • What would the mRNA strand be for this section of DNA? A A T G C T A C C T T G A A C T G G _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Note: The mRNA strand is what is used to determine what amino acids are made (using the amino acid chart)!

  5. After mRNA is formed • We are able to make a ___________ in the cytoplasm. (Translation) • Remember… • The amount and kind of proteins that are produced in a cell determine the ________________ and function of the cell. • In other words, proteins carry out the genetic instructions (__________) encoded in our DNA.

  6. mRNA is now grouped into letters of 3 (a group of 3 letters is called a ___________). • Each codon will code for one ____________ acid (AA). • AAs are the building blocks of proteins. • A few codons do not code for an AA, instead they signal for translation of an mRNA to ___________ (start codon/promoter) or _______ (stop codon/ termination signal). • mRNA is ready to be “______________” by 2 other types of RNA…

  7. How to read the Amino Acid Table

  8. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) • When the mRNA gets to the cytoplasm, rRNA (which is in ______________ form) will attach itself over the strand. • It helps attach the _____________ to the mRNA • This is where ______________ are made!

  9. tRNA (transfer RNA) • tRNA will locate the start codon on the mRNA strand and will form the appropriate ________ for that codon • tRNA travels down the mRNA to the next _____________ and forms the appropriate AA for that codon • The second AA attaches to the 1st & the tRNA molecule _____________ from the 1st mRNA codon • This continues until a string/chain of AA are formed = a _____________ is made!

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