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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Europe and the New World: New Encounters, 1500 - 1800. p. 413. On the Brink of a New World. Motives and Means The Travels of John Mandeville (14th century) Access to the East The Polos Economic Motives Religious Zeal Centralized Monarchies Ptolemy’s Geography (1477).

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Europe and the New World: New Encounters, 1500 - 1800

  2. p. 413

  3. On the Brink of a New World • Motives and Means • The Travels of John Mandeville (14th century) • Access to the East • The Polos • Economic Motives • Religious Zeal • Centralized Monarchies • Ptolemy’s Geography (1477)

  4. p. 416

  5. New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires • Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460) • The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire • Bartholomeu Dias • Vasco da Gama • Reaches India by rounding Cape of Good Hope • Viceroys • Alfonso d’Albuquerque (1462 – 1515) • Commercial – Military bases • Reasons for Portuguese Success • Guns • Seamanship

  6. Map 14-1, p. 417

  7. p. 418

  8. p. 418

  9. p. 418

  10. Voyages of the New World • Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506) • Reached the Bahamas (Oct. 12, 1492) • Additional voyages (1493, 1498, and 1502) • Additional Discoveries • John Cabot • Pedro Cabral • Amerigo Vespucci • Nun˜ez de Balboa • Ferdinand Magellan • Ferdinand Magellan (1480 – 1521) • Circumnavigates the Earth • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

  11. p. 420

  12. The Spanish Empire in the New World • Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica • The Maya • The Aztecs • The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire • Hernan Cortés (1485 – 1547) • Moctezuma (Montezuma) • Aztec Empire overthrown

  13. p. 421

  14. p. 422

  15. The Spanish Empire (Cont) • The Inca and the Spanish • Pachakuti • Inca buildings and roads • Francisco Pizarro (c. 1475 – 1541) • Smallpox • Incas overthrown (1535) • Administration of the Spanish Empire • Encomienda • Viceroys • The Church

  16. p. 422

  17. Chronology, p. 424

  18. p. 424

  19. Africa: The Slave Trade • Sugar Cane and slavery • Growth in the Slave Trade • Up to 10,000,000 African slaves taken to the Americas between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries • High death rate during transit • Prisoners of War • Depopulation of African kingdoms • Political effects of slave trade • Criticism of Slavery • Society of Friends = Quakers

  20. Map 14-2, p. 427

  21. p. 427

  22. The West in Southeast Asia • Portugal • Spain • The Dutch and the English • Local Kingdoms (Burma, Siam, and Vietnam)

  23. p. 429

  24. p. 430

  25. p. 430

  26. The French and the British in India • The Mughal Empire • The Impact of the Western Powers • Portugal • England • The Dutch and the French • Sir Robert Clive • The East India Company • Battle of Plassey (1757)

  27. p. 432

  28. China & Japan • China • Ming Dynasty (1369 – 1644) • Qing Dynasty • Western Inroads • Russia • England • Limited Contact • Japan • Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 – 1616) • Opening to the West • The Portuguese • Initially visitors welcomed • Catholic Missionaries • The Dutch

  29. p. 433

  30. p. 434

  31. The Americas • Spain and Portugal • The West Indies • The British and the French • The “Sugar Factories” • North America • The Dutch • New Netherlands • The English • Jamestown (1607) • Thirteen Colonies • The French • Canada

  32. p. 435

  33. p. 435

  34. Chronology, p. 436

  35. The Impact of European Expansion: The Conquered • Devastating effects to local populations in America and Africa • Less impact in Asia • Multiracial society in Latin America • Ecology • Catholic Missionaries • Conversion of native populations • Hospitals, orphanages and schools • The Jesuits in Asia • Conversions in China • Japan

  36. The Impact of European Expansion: The Conquerors • Opportunities for women • Economic effects • Gold and Silver • Exchange of plants and animals • Columbian Exchange • Impact on European lifestyle • Chocolate, Coffee and Tea • European rivalries • New views of the world • Gerardus Mercator (1512 – 1594) and his map • Psychological impact

  37. p. 439

  38. Map 14-3, p. 440

  39. p. 441

  40. Toward a World Economy • Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth Century • Inflation • The Growth of Commercial Capitalism • Joint stock trading companies • New economic institutions • The Bank of Amsterdam • Amsterdam Bourse (Exchange) • Agriculture

  41. Mercantilism • Total volume of trade unchangeable • Economic activity = war through peaceful means • Importance of bullion and favorable balance of trade • State intervention

  42. p. 443

  43. Overseas Trade and Colonies: Movement Toward Globalization • Transoceanic trade very valuable • Intra European trade • Trade patterns interlocked Europe, Africa, the East and the Americas

  44. Timeline, p. 445

  45. Discussion Questions • Why were the Western European nations so well positioned for overseas exploration? • How were the Spanish able to defeat the Aztecs? • What social and economic forces drove the Slave Trade? • How were the British able to achieve such a dominant position in Asia? • What impact did European colonization have on the colonized? • What economic changes occurred in Europe as a result of Mercantilism and Capitalism?

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