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DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM

2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation Conference Beppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007. DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM. NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD.

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DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM

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  1. 2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation ConferenceBeppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007 DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD. Centre for Environmental Engineering (CEETIA), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

  2. Content • Introduction • Measure taken • Results • Conclusions and Recommendations

  3. Introduction

  4. Red river delta peri-urban areas: challenges • In-between urban and rural context: • High pressures from urbanization • Low income, limited awareness, less infrastructure investments from higher level governments • Uncovered by urban sanitation services • High groundwater table • Nutrients reuse • High density • Mixed production (livestock breeding, food processing, other handicrafts) and living spaces • Different water sources (rain, well, public shallow well ...) • Flat topography, frequent flood, difficult to separate surface drain and wastewater • Toilets can not solve sanitation problem

  5. Lai Xa hamlet, Ha Tay province Hanoi: 0.5 km Lai Xa hamlet 900 households

  6. 2. Measures taken • Assurance: willingness to change! • Involvement of Community leaders, Group of Activists (40) – from Clusters, Mass Organizations, ... • Coordination role! • Start with IEC • Master Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation for a Community • Community choice: • Step-by-step approach in infrastructure development

  7. Technical solutions • Source separation of solid waste • Composting station and sanitary landfill • Decentralized scheme of wastewater mgmt • CSOs • VIP and DVCL for unsewered households • Start from household: Screen and Grid removal. Guidance! Regular check! • Community BASTAFs + CWs. Step-wise approach. • Safe reuse of wastewater(?)

  8. To start from household! Indoor sanitation Cluster sanitation Wastewater treatment station Discharge/Reuse

  9. ST < STAF ~ BAST < BASTAF

  10. BASTAF for 80 households

  11. Non-technical solutions • Training of trainers (40 activists) • Community agreement, signed by households • Institutional framework • 50/50 share in investment costs • Support for the poor • Community supervision • Setting up of local Sanitation Team • Operational costs: household + local government

  12. Involved Stakeholders

  13. 3. Results • Visible physical improvements • Health improvement • Social environment in the village

  14. Before After

  15. After Before

  16. Some other solutions to share

  17. Further readings • Duncan Mara, Jan-Olof Drangert, Nguyen Viet Anh, Andrzej Tonderski, Holger Gulyas, and Karin Tonderski. Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements.IWA Journal: Water Policy, 9 (2007), 305–318 pp. • Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen Xuan Dzung and Nguyen Viet Anh. Public participation and improved households practices in a small sanitation project in Lai Xa, Vietnam.Proceedings: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2006. • J. Beauséjour and A. V. Nguyen. Decentralized Sanitation Implementation in Vietnam: A Peri-Urban Case Study.IWA Journal: Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 (2007), No. 5, pp 141 – 148.

  18. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations • Community-based sanitation • Coordination role of local government • Decentralized approach, step-by-step • Low-cost technical solutions, innovations • Institutional and financial mechanism to sustain the system • IEC should go first and stay along with technical solutions to ensure political will, behavior change and system sustainability

  19. Thank you very much for your attention

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