1 / 14

Carbohydrates

Biology 12. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. The name means hydrated carbons Carbohydrates always have the basic formula of (CH2O)n where n is the number of times the chain is repeated

moswen
Download Presentation

Carbohydrates

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biology 12 Carbohydrates

  2. Carbohydrates • The name means hydrated carbons • Carbohydrates always have the basic formula of (CH2O)n where n is the number of times the chain is repeated • The carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens are found in the ratio of 1:2:1 and are made up of a repeating chain of sugars (CH20)3 = C3H6O3 (CH20)6 = C6H12O6

  3. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates usually end in ‘ose’ • Glucose, fructose, sucrose • Sugars are also known as saccharides • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides

  4. Monosaccharides • The basic sugar molecule is glucose • C6H12O6 • Glucose has a ring structure • Other monosaccharides include : • Fructose • Ribose • Deoxyribose

  5. Isomers Fructose Glucose 5 sided = PENTOSE 6 sided = HEXOSE C6 H12 O6 C6 H12 O6

  6. Disaccharides • When two sugars bind together by dehydration synthesis a disaccharide is formed

  7. Disaccharides • Glucose + glucose forms the sugar maltose • Glucose + fructose forms the sugar sucrose • Galactose + glucose forms the sugar lactose

  8. Polysaccharides • When many sugars bind together by dehydration synthesis four types of polysaccharides may be formed: • Starch • Glycogen • Cellulose • Chitin

  9. Cellulose • The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose • They are long chains of glucose molecules with no side chains • The linkage between the Carbon atoms of the sugars is different than starch and glycogen • No mammal can break this bond • This is why we cannot digest cellulose

  10. Starch • Plants store their energy as starch • Starch is made up of many glucose molecules linked together • Starch has few side chains

  11. Glycogen • Animals store their energy (extra glucose) as glycogen • We store glycogen in our liver and muscles • Glycogen is made up of many glucose molecules linked together • Glycogen has many side chains

  12. Chitin • Made by animals and fungi • Long glucose chains linked with covalent bonds • Very strong • Makes structures like exo-skeletons, fingernails, claws, and beaks

  13. Main Functions of Carbohydrates • Energy: when the bonds between Carbon atoms are broken, the energy released can be used by cells • Carbohydrates are the primary energy molecules for all life

  14. Main Functions of Carbohydrates • Structure: cellulose is the major structural compound in plants (is used in the cell wall)

More Related