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The Sensorimotor Stage: Relevance to Infants

The Sensorimotor Stage: Relevance to Infants. Jean Piaget’s Theories 1896 - 1980. Four Stages of Learning Sensorimotor Birth to about 2 yrs Preoperational 2-7 yrs Concrete Operations 7-11 Formal Operations 11 into adulthood. Sensorimotor Stage.

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The Sensorimotor Stage: Relevance to Infants

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  1. The Sensorimotor Stage:Relevance to Infants 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  2. Jean Piaget’s Theories 1896 - 1980 Four Stages of Learning • Sensorimotor Birth to about 2 yrs • Preoperational 2-7 yrs • Concrete Operations 7-11 • Formal Operations 11 into adulthood 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  3. Sensorimotor Stage • In this stage children learn about the world through their senses and body movements • This stage is broken up into 6 different steps • Birth to 1 month • 1 to 4 months • 4 to 8 months • 8 to 12 months • 12 to18 months • 18 to 24 months 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  4. Sensorimotor Stage Stage One: Birth to 1 month Practices natural reflexes Infants are only aware of themselves and their needs They do not understand themselves as separate persons 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  5. Sensorimotor Stage Stage Two: 1 to 4 months • Learn to combine two reflexes • For example they wave their fists and then brings their fists to their mouths 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  6. Sensorimotor Stage • Stage Three: 4 to 8 months • They respond to other stimuli • Improved hand-eye coordination • For example, if a baby bumps a rattle and it makes a noise, he/she may try to bump it again. 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  7. Sensorimotor Stage Stage Four: - 8 to 12 months • Intentional behavior • They learn certain actions lead to certain results • Imitate others 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  8. Sensorimotor Stage • They learn to follow objects with their eyes • They love playing Peek-A-Boo • Ten months- learn Object Permanence • That objects continue to exist even when out of sight—can find partially hidden objects 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  9. Sensorimotor Stage • Stage Five: 12 to 18 months • Trial and error: Push a cracker off a high chair and watch it fall to the floor. Then, do it again . . . • Can find hidden objects • Understands that objects exist independently 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  10. Sensorimotor Stage Stage Six: 18 to 24 months • Begin to experiment mentally as well as physically • They think about what they are going to do before they do it 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  11. Parts of the brain and their functions • Brain stem---controls involuntary activities such as breathing • Cerebrum---directs motor activities • Cerebellum---controls muscular coordination, balance, and posture • Pituitary gland---releases hormones that control metabolism and sexual development • Spinal cord---controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain • Thalamus---controls the way emotions are expressed 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  12. How the brain works • Neurons---nerve cells in the brain that control body functions • Dendrites---parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons • Cell body---the main part of each neuron that processes information • Axons---transmits information from one neuron to another • Myelin---coats the axon and make information transformation easier • Neurotransmitters---chemicals released by the axons • Synapses---tiny gaps between neurons that information must pass through to send signals 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  13. Stimulating brain development • Keep experiences simple and natural • Match experiences to the child’s cognitive abilities • Establish routines and repeat experiences to reinforce learning • Actively involve the infant • Provide a variety of experiences, but avoid overload • Avoid pushing infants to learn faster • Stimulate senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch to enhance learning 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  14. Ways infants communicate verbally • Crying • Reasons for crying • To communicate discomfort, hunger, anger, or pain • To bring a response • Cooing • Begin cooing at 6-8 weeks • Coo more when talked to, smiled at, and touched • Babbling • Begin babbling at 4-5 months • Vowel and consonant sounds slowly added to form symbols • First words • Occur at 10-12 months • Same sound used more than once to refer to person, place, or event 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  15. Ways infants communicate nonverbally • Reaching for or pointing • Clinging • Pushing away 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

  16. Stimulating language development • Give positive feedback as infants attempt to communicate • Speak clearly using simple words • Avoid using baby talk • Talk about activities and things around them 4.03-Sensorimotor Stage

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