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Diabetes: A Burden on Society

Diabetes: A Burden on Society. By Victoria Tarrant April 26, 2013 HSC4624 Global Health. What is Diabetes?. Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease. It is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally.

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Diabetes: A Burden on Society

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  1. Diabetes: A Burden on Society By Victoria Tarrant April 26, 2013 HSC4624 Global Health

  2. What is Diabetes? • Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease. • It is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. • The person will have high blood glucose, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both (Nordqvist, 2013). • There are two types: • Type 1 – insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, or early-onset diabetes • Type 2 – insulin resistant diabetes

  3. Diabetes continued • Type 1 insulin-dependent • Not as common as type 2 • Only 10% of all cases are type 1 • Often develop in early adulthood or teenage years • 78,000 children develop type 1 diabetes every year ("The global burden," 2013) • Take insulin injections for rest of life

  4. Diabetes continued • Type 2 insulin-resistant • About 90% of all cases worldwide • Can be controlled by: • Losing weight • Following healthy diet • Plenty of exercise • Monitoring blood glucose levels • However, typically is a progressive disease • People of Middle Eastern, African, or South Asian descent with a close relative who have/had type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of it developing (Nordqvist, 2013).

  5. Worldwide In 2012 • >371 million people had diabetes • 4.8 million people died due to diabetes • >471 billion U.S. dollars were spent on healthcare for diabetes Statistics gathered from International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas 2012 http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/Update2012

  6. Worldwide In 2012 Picture retrieved from International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas 2012 http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/5E_IDFAtlasPoster_2012_EN.pdf

  7. Diabetes and Poverty • Both of these go hand in hand – each can cause the other • Diabetes is becoming more and more common among the poor and marginalized • Cost of treatment and/or loss of employment and income push families to poverty • A large portion of family income is spent on healthcare for family members

  8. Diabetes and Poverty continued • The poorest countries have the greatest sedentariness and obesity (Levine, 2011). • Violence follows poverty, preventing people from being active outdoors • Some people living in poverty-dense regions are not able to afford a gym membership, sports clothing, or exercise equipment • Parks and sports facilities are less available to people living in poor counties

  9. Diabetes and Poverty continued • Millions of people with diabetes face stigma and discrimination. • Creates barriers to services, employment, and even marriage • Greater impact on children, indigenous people, ethnic minorities, women and the poor.

  10. Poverty and Obesity • People who live in the most poverty-dense countries are those most prone to obesity (Fig. A) • Variance in obesity can be accounted for by variance in sedentariness (Fig. B). • The poorest countries have the greatest sedentariness (Fig. C) • Countries with greatest rates of poverty have greatest diabetes rates too (Fig. D).

  11. Poverty and Obesity continued Picture retrieved from American Diabetes Association 2011 http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/60/11/2667.full

  12. Diabetes and Education • Children with diabetes can have less access to education. • Children with Type 1 diabetes are sometimes denied entry to school. • Diabetes and education are linked • The higher education, the lower the risk • Diabetes limits education • Cost

  13. Diabetes and Development • All nations, rich and poor, are suffering the impact of the diabetes epidemic • Diabetes particularly affects those who are socially and economically disadvantaged • 4 out of 5 people with diabetes live in countries classified by the World Bank as low- and middle-income countries (“Diabetes and development,” 2013) • Diabetes increases the risk of developing tuberculosis • Diabetes threatens achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

  14. Diabetes is an important cause of cardiovascular disease Diabetes increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) Diabetes shares common risks and solutions with climate change Diabetes can cause or exacerbate mental health problems. Picture retrieved from International Diabetes Federation The Millennium Development Goals http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-and-the-millennium-development-goals

  15. References • Colagiuri, R., Brown, J., & Dain, K. (2010, November). In Steve Jones (Chair). A call to action on diabetes. Idf expert meeting. Retrieved from http://www.idf.org/webdata/Call- to-Action-on-Diabetes.pdf • Diabetes and development. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-and-development • IDF diabetes atlas update 2012. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/Update2012

  16. References • Levine, J. A. (2011, November). Poverty and obesity in the U.S. Retrieved from http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/ content/60/11/2667.full • Nordqvist, C. (2013, April 12). All about diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ • The global burden. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/the-global-burden

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