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World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Section 4 Empire of the Czars

World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Section 4 Empire of the Czars. A. Background 1. Population a. 60 nationalities b. 2/3 Slavs c. 100 languages 2. Geography

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World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Section 4 Empire of the Czars

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  1. World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Section 4 Empire of the Czars

  2. A. Background 1. Population a. 60 nationalities b. 2/3 Slavs c. 100 languages 2. Geography a. Two times the size of the USA. b. Land is primarily plains. 3. Economy a. Agricultural economy based on serfdom. b. Little industry due to serf based agriculture.

  3. B. Alexander I (1801-1825) 1. Little reform 2. Granted a constitution to Russian ruled Poland. C. Decembrist Revolt - 1825 1. Russian officers wanted to institute a constitutional government, reform economy, and free serfs. 2. Revolt was crushed but inspired future revolutions.

  4. D. Nicholas I 1. Imposed greater oppression. 2. Demand for reform persisted. E. Alexander II "Czar Liberator" 1. Freed serfs to provide cheap labor for industry. 2. Established "Zemtvos" (elected assemblies) a. ran provinces b. Controlled by wealthy noblemen.

  5. 3. Other reforms a. eased restrictions on newspapers b. limited authority of secret police c. expanded education d. modernized judicial system e. reorganized the army 4. Failed to stop growth of revolutionarymovements. 5. Assassinated by revolutionaries in 1881.

  6. F. Radical Movements 1. Anarchy - advocated the absence ofgovernment. 2. Nihilist - wanted Czars autocracy destroyed. ADD: Belief in no authority! 3. Populism - peasants would revolt, overthrow czar, and establish socialist government. G. Alexander III 1. Reversed father's reforms. 2. Vowed to crush revolutionaries. 3. Promoted "Russification" (unite all Russian people) a. Persecuted all non-Russians or those against czar. b. Pogroms-massacre of Jews.

  7. H. Nicholas II (1894-1917) Last Czar!! • Autocratic rule • Easily influenced by others (Rasputin) • Revolutionary mood sweeps through Russia a. “Bloody Sunday”- January 1905 • Peaceful demonstration of workers trying to present petition for reform to Czar. • Soldiers of Czar open fire killing many. • To appease people Czar Nicholas II creates a powerless “Duma” (legislature). • People not fooled- continue to demand reform. b. “October Manifesto” issued 1905 • Nicholas II forced to make reform or will be forced to abdicate. • Manifesto • Granted civil rights to people. • Allowed Duma to make laws.

  8. Nicolas II Last Czar of Russia

  9. Rasputin: The Mad Monk/Party animal

  10. Last of the Czars: Dynasty in Decline

  11. Last of the Czars: Revolution

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