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Statistics

Statistics. Statistics. Water Facts. Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in May No control or coordination of inflow from Turkey, Syria or Iran All reservoirs designed for carry-over storage Over 100 water control structures

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Statistics

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  1. Statistics

  2. Statistics

  3. Water Facts • Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey • 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in May • No control or coordination of inflow from Turkey, Syria or Iran • All reservoirs designed for carry-over storage • Over 100 water control structures • Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2 • Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2

  4. Where will water for marsh restoration come from? • On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%) • Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%) • Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%) • Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%) • Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%) • Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%) • Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%) • Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%) • “Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr) (sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)

  5. TURKEY Tigris IRAN SYRIA Euphrates Baghdad JORDAN IRAQ KUWAIT Gulf SAUDI ARABIA The Southern Marsh Region of Iraq Tharthar Karkheh Basra

  6. The Destruction of the Marshes I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf Tigris Flow Diverted to Depression Amarah Main Outfall Drain (MOD) al-Muminah Levees Hawizeh “Prosperity” River Euphrates Hawizeh Central Hammar Basra Flow Diverted to Bypass Marsh Shatt al Arab I R A Q K U W A I T

  7. 1972

  8. 1990

  9. 1997

  10. Restoration Projects In Supplemental Request I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf Amarah al-Muminah Hawizeh Euphrates Construct Regulators To Control Outflow and Water Level in Marsh Central Hawizeh Hammar Install Large Culverts Through Embankments For Accessing Euphrates River Basra Shatt al Arab Build Gates to Allow Tidal Flushing of Basra Canals I R A Q K U W A I T

  11. Restoration Projects Under Study • Prosperity River Option A • Prosperity River Option B • Prosperity River Option C • Tidal Canal Restoration • Restore Tidal Canals in lower Shatt Al-Arab • Dalmage Lake Brackish Water Marsh • Musharah River Dredging to Maintain flow to Hawizeh Marsh • Abu Zaragh Marsh I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf 6 Amarah al-Muminah 7 Hawizeh Euphrates 1 3 2 Central Hawizeh 8 Hammar Basra 4 I R A Q Shatt al Arab 5 K U W A I T

  12. Abu Zaragh Marsh • Flooding • Flooding • Levee breach • Increased flow to Hawizeh marsh • Block Diversion from Euphrates to MOD Restoration in Progress I R A N al-Gharraf Tigris Amarah al-Muminah 2 Hawizeh 5 Euphrates 4 1 Central Hawizeh 6 Hammar 3 Basra I R A Q Shatt al Arab K U W A I T

  13. Marsh Rice Marsh Rice Marsh Weirs Rice Marsh Rice 2 km 2 km OPTION: PROSPERITY RIVER MARSH/AGRICULTURE tributaries 95 km long 2 km wide ~100 km2 of rice ~100 km2 of marsh Euphrates

  14. Main Outfall Drain

  15. CURRENT MARSHLAND STATUS • Mertes, L. A. K., 2004, Synoptic monitoring of water's return to Mesopotamian marshlands: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 33, p. 309-310 • NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)

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