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Recap!

How popular was the Nazi regime? The Role of Terror B aim – to assess how powerful terror state was and what this suggests about popularity A/A* aim – to assess how efficient terror was and what this suggests about popularity. Recap!

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Recap!

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  1. How popular was the Nazi regime? The Role of Terror B aim – to assess how powerful terror state was and what this suggests about popularity A/A* aim – to assess how efficient terror was and what this suggests about popularity Recap! Decide where you would put your cross on the opinion line. Justify it using knowledge about Nazi popularity, opposition groups and propaganda from 1933-1939. Very Unpopular Very Popular

  2. Key Information – the structure of the terror state • Copy the diagram on p. 201 into your own format in your notes. • Add the Night of the Long Knives with the correct branch. • Label that each branch didn’t communicate with each other well. • Label that it was very hierarchical so the organisation had to report up – and they were worried about admitting any failures. • Who would deal with the White Rose Group? The Edelweiss Pirates? Stauffenberg? • What problems were there with the terror state?

  3. Key information – The SS • Elite bodyguard for Hitler • 1933 – 52,000 and a reputation for blind obedience and total commitment • Led by Himmler • 1931 – joined by SD (Sicherheitsdienst) Nazi internal security police • 1933-4 – assume control of all police in Lander, including the Gestapo in Prussia • Carried out the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934 • 1936 – all police powers unified under Himmler and the SS • Between 1933 and 1939 225,000 Germans were convicted and imprisoned by them. Another 162,000 were in ‘protective custody’ without trial. • Using this information and 11L pp. 202-203 explain the ways in which the SS were powerful

  4. Discipline Intelligence What were the SS responsible for? Policing Military

  5. How powerful was the SS? A state within a state Very powerful Not powerful at all

  6. Key Information – the Gestapo • The Gestapo were the secret state police. They were often the ones who came to take people away in the night when they had been denounciated • Gestapo and SOPADE reports suggest that they were very powerful and suppressing popular working class rebellions – why would they say this? Does source 11.17 support this? • The Gestapo was low in numbers – there were under 50 officers each for Frankfurt, Hanover and Bremen. Most Gestapo members were from the former police, who weren’t as extreme as the SS. Most were office workers bogged down with bureaucracy. • However, people did perceive it as being very powerful. • People used the Gestapo to remove personal enemies rather than due to anti-Nazi activities – e.g. A nasty boss or cheating husband. Himmler even said that anyone who submitted false allegations would be sent to a concentration camp it had got so bad. • The Gestapo had to become very radical as it couldn’t cope with proper investigations – it had to arrest people without trial.

  7. Key historical debate – Did the Gestapo really control the people? Which historical argument do you agree with the most?

  8. How powerful and effective was terror? • B – Very powerful • A/A* - Very effective • B – Not very powerful • A/A* - Very ineffective Overall judgement? What does this suggest to you about Nazi popularity?

  9. Are you a traditionalist, revisionist or post-revisionist? • Revisionist • Many Germans supported the Nazis • Many Germans didn’t encounter repression – the Gestapo was actually quite small • Thousands of Germans assisted the Gestapo – informants • Repression was random • Some protested and escaped punishment • Traditionalist • Third Reich was a totalitarian state with total control • It brainwashed the population through propaganda • People were too scared to oppose the Nazis because of the Gestapo and SS • There were some opposition groups Post-Revisionist Somewhere in the middle!

  10. How popular was the Nazi regime? The Role of Terror B aim – to assess how powerful terror was and what this suggests about popularity A/A* aim – to assess how efficient terror was and what this suggests about popularity Has your opinion changed? B – adjust your cross in a different colour and explain why you have using knowledge about how powerful terror was A/A* - adjust your cross in a different colour and explain why you have using knowledge about how efficient terror was

  11. Homework • Recap class work and enjoy Berlin!

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