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Introduction to Make

Introduction to Make. Updated by Chirantana Sriram Fall 2000. What Is Make ?. Utility for maintaining up-to-date versions of programs

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Introduction to Make

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  1. Introduction to Make Updated by Chirantana Sriram Fall 2000

  2. What Is Make ? • Utility for maintaining up-to-date versions of programs • When changes are made to the original source code, it will rebuild executables by determining which program modules need to be recompiled, based on rules defined in a Makefile • Particularly useful for big software projects with large number of source files that depend on one another in complex ways • Automates the process of compiling and linking your programs during the development phase

  3. Hierarchy Dependency for a Project Output Executable Main.o Funct1.o Funct2.o def.h Func2.c Main.c def.h Func1.c def.h

  4. Sample Make File for the Project Output: Main.o Funct1.o Funct2.o cc –o Output Main.o Funct1.o Funct2.o Main.o: Main.c def.h cc –c Main.c Funct1.o: Funct1.c def.h cc –c Funct1.c Funct2.o: Funct2.c def.h cc –c Func2.c

  5. What a rule looks like Rules are of the following form: target ….. : dependencies ….. command ……….. target:Name of a file generated by the program (executables or Object files) dependencies: List of files that are used as input to create the target. command: A command is an action that make carries out to produce the target. Can have more than one command.

  6. Features of Make • Using Variables in Make • Can declare and define values for variables and can reuse them in the rules • Example: objects = program.o foo.o utils.o program : $(objects) cc -o program $(objects) $(objects) : defs.h

  7. Features of Make … • Can use built in functions for Text processing (however cannot define new functions within Makefile) • Syntax: $(function arguments) • Examples: • $(subst from,to,text) • shell function can be used to communicate with world outside of make. • Example: • files := $(shell echo *.c)

  8. Features of Make… • Can use conditionals in Make files • Example: libs_for_gcc = -lgnu normal_libs = foo: $(objects) ifeq ($(CC),gcc) $(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(libs_for_gcc) else $(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(normal_libs) endif

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