Chapter 35 Medication Administration

1. Chapter 35Medication Administration

2. To safely and accurately administer medications you need knowledge related to: • Pharmacology • Pharmacokinetics • Life sciences • Human anatomy • Mathematics Scientific Knowledge Base

3. Federal regulations • State and local regulation of medication • Health care institutions and medication laws • Medication regulations and nursing practice Medication Legislation and Standards

4. Drug names: • Chemical, generic, trade • Classification • Medication forms: • Solid, liquid, other oral forms, topical, parenteral, instillation into body cavities Pharmacological Concepts

5. The study of how medications: • Enter the body • Are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs • Alter physiological functions Pharmacokinetics

6. The passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration • Factors that influence absorption: • Route of administration • Ability to dissolve • Blood flow to site of administration • Body surface area • Lipid solubility of medication Absorption

7. After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and to specific sites of action. • Distribution depends on: • Circulation • Membrane permeability • Protein binding Distribution

8. Medications are metabolized into a less potent or an inactive form. • Biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade, and remove active chemicals. • Most biotransformation occurs in the liver. Metabolism

9. Medications are excreted through: • Kidney • Liver • Bowel • Lungs • Exocrine glands Excretion

10. Types of Medication Action

11. Occur when one medication modifies the action of another • A synergistic effect occurs when the combined effect of two medications is greater than the effect of the medications given separately. Medication Interactions

12. Medication Dose Responses

13. Routes of Administration

14. Requires the ability to compute medication doses accurately and correctly • Metric system • Household system • Solution Systems of Medication Measurement

15. Safe administration is imperative. • Nursing process provides a framework for medication administration. • Clinical calculations must be handled without error. • Conversions in and between systems • Dose calculations • Pediatric and elderly calculations Nursing Knowledge Base

16. Prescriber can be physician, nurse practitioner, or physician’s assistant. • Prescribers must document the diagnosis, condition, or need for each medication. • Orders can be written, verbal, or by telephone. Prescriber’s Role

17. Types of Orders in Acute Care Agencies

18. Pharmacist’s role • Distribution system • Nurse’s role • Medication error Medication Administration

19. Knowledge • Experience • Attitudes • Standards Critical Thinking and Medication Administration

20. Assessment • Diagnosis • Planning • Implementation • Evaluation Nursing Process and Medication Administration

21. Oral • Topical • Inhalation • Irrigation • Parenteral • Injections Medication Administration