Bill Harrison 2009 Connecticut Chapter March 12, 2009

1. Bill Harrison2009 Connecticut Chapter March 12, 2009

2. Challenges • Energy – cost and availability • Food – cost and availability • Protecting the environment

3. ASHRAE • 52,000 members in 130 countries • 170 chapters in 24 countries • Associate Societies in 32 countries • 2500 members active on committees

4. Energy • Cost and availability • IEA: $100 / Barrel till 2015; $120 till 2030 • End use in developed economies • Buildings – 40% • Transportation 28% • Industry 32% • Coal and oil primary energy sources • 45% Growth between 2006 and 2030

5. Food • Cost • Energy driven costs • Spoilage • Availability • Cost and spoilage • Foodstock diversion • Refrigeration – large energy consumer

6. Environment • Buildings use 70% of electricity • Extensive emissions from generation • Water use for generation • 45% Emissions growth 2006 to 2030

7. Energy Waste A Real Problem… A Real Opportunity

8. Sustainability for ASHRAE Energy Efficiency And Healthy and Productive Indoor Environments

9. Improved Operating Strategies • Energy Systems Lab - Texas A & M– Save 10% to 40% energy • World Energy Forum: 17% Internal rate of return for energy efficiency upgrades • Not product centered • Software and expert knowledge focused • Limited knowledge distribution

10. Improved Operating Strategies • Lack of standardization • Minor changes use major energy • Wrong incentives for operators • No training programs

11. Chilled Water Plant Strategies • Rightsizing equipment • Variable Primary Pumping • Optimized condenser water • Temperature • Flow • Thermal storage • Model energy - track energy • Periodic re-commissioning

12. Energy Conserving Strategies • Envelope testing • Pressure tests • Infrared Scans • Return to design conditions • Scheduling review

13. Operator Training • Local chapter program • HVAC fundamentals • High performance products and systems • 1980’s training produces 1980 results

14. The Cost of Owning HVAC • Capital costs • Utility costs • Repair costs • Replacement costs • Maintenance costs

15. Maintenance Plans • ASHRAE Guideline 4 – 2008 • Preparation of Operating and Maintenance Documentation for Building Systems • CIBSE Guide M – 2008 • Maintenance Engineering and Management • Must include energy budgets and energy reporting

16. Maintenance Strategies • Develop proper documentation • ASHRAE Guideline 4 • Keep equipment clean • Don’t accept dirty equipment • Maintenance management software • Monitor energy use • In house / outsource • Training capabilities

17. Sustainability Challenge • Six of top ten energy measures under control of architects • Integrated Building Design process essential • Communication - collaboration • “First Cost” mentality • Engineers: evil enablers

18. Owner Organizations • Building Owners and Managers Association • International Facility Management Association • APPA – The Association of Higher Education Facility Executives

19. Owner Issues • Life Cycle Costing • Equipment room sizing • Engineers need to deliver energy message • Energy cost implications • Building Commissioning

20. The Path to a Net Zero Building cash flow Lease Costs (or Finance Costs) utility bills 1 2 Total Annual Costs ($/year) 0 0% 100% Source Energy Savings (%)

21. The Path to a Net Zero Building cash flow Lease Costs (or Finance Costs) utility bills 1 Total Annual Costs ($/year) 3 2 0 0% 100% Source Energy Savings (%)

22. The Path to a Net Zero Building 4 cash flow Lease Costs (or Finance Costs) utility bills 1 Total Annual Costs ($/year) 3 2 0 100% 0% Source Energy Savings (%)

23. Energy Terms • Energy Use Intensity: BTU/Sq. Ft./Year • Site versus Source • Plug and process loads • CBECS: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey • Net zero energy building: a building which on an annual basis, produces as much energy from renewable sources as it consumes

24. Reference Sources • US Department of Energy • www.energy.gov • National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Great case studies • www.nrel.gov • EPA • www.epa.gov • ASHRAE • www.engineeringforsustainability.org

26. High Performance Building Design Energy Modeling Building Narrative

27. High Performance Building Design A larger budget for planning and design produces lower construction costs and lower operating costs

28. ASHRAE’s Role • Net zero design guidance by 2015 • Building Energy Labeling • AEDGs to reduce energy in existing buildings • Affordable and maintainable refrigeration systems • Efficient refrigeration systems

29. ASHRAE Chapter Actions • Schedule a meeting with local owner organizations • Integrated Building Design • High performance design costs more • Keep your Green Buildings Green • Get comfortable with building energy benchmarks:“What’s your EUI?” • Walk the talk – how is your building being operated?

30. The Buildings Business • Largest user primary energy • Improved building operations • 10% to 40% energy savings • Local educational programs by ASHRAE chapters • Keep our green buildings green

31. World Population Growth • 2008 - 6,700,000,000 • 2050 – 9,200,000,000 Growth: 2,500,000,000

32. Per Capita CO2 Emissions • World: 4.3 Metric tons/person • OECD Nations: 11 Metric tons/person • USA: 19 Metric tons/person • Grow from 2 t0 6 “Americums” 2009 30 Billion metric tons 2030 42 Billion metric tons

33. Atmospheric CO2 Levels • Pre-industrial: 280 PPM • 2007: 380 PPM • 2050 Business as usual: 580 PPM Can we afford to take a chance?

34. The Cost of Being Green • Energy Efficiency - $170 Billion • Smart Grid - $8.6 Trillion • Energy Storage - $180 per Megawatt hour • Carbon Capture and Sequestration - $ ??? • $450 - $600 Billion per year until 2030 • Priced carbon emissions - $??? Estimates for global mitigation from “Green Investing” - 2009 WEF

35. The Cost of Being Green • 2006 Global Emissions: 28,000,000,000 MT • 2006 USA Emissions: 5,700,000,000 United States Share: 20% • Global cost of mitigation: $10,500,000,000,000 • US Share: $2,100,000,000,000 What is the cost of taking energy out of buildings?