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Classification

Classification. Classification. What is classification? Organising living things into groups: Anatomy Genetics. Horseshoe crab Anatomically - looks like a crab Genetically - more closely related to spiders. Classification. Why classify organisms?. Blue whale - MAMMAL. Classification.

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Classification What is classification? • Organising living things into groups: • Anatomy • Genetics Horseshoe crab Anatomically - looks like a crab Genetically - more closely related to spiders

  3. Classification Why classify organisms? Blue whale - MAMMAL

  4. Classification Why classify organisms? • Helps others understand which species you are talking about • Can group species based on shared characteristics • To study phylogeny – how related species are Emperor penguin - BIRD Dusky dolphin - MAMMAL

  5. Classification • Linnaean classification • Genus and species,e.g. Homo sapiens Panthera leo Panthera tigris

  6. Classification • Genus and species are the tip of the iceberg • There are many different levels in the classification hierarchy • Top level is the 5 Kingdoms: • Protists (e.g. amoebae, algae) • Prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria, archaebacteria) • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  7. Classification Kingdom Animalia • ~ 1.26 million animal species • Vertebrates and invertebrates • ~ 1.2 million are invertebrates (e.g. insects, crustaceans) • ~ 60,000 are vertebrates Monarch butterfly INVERTEBRATE Great white shark VERTEBRATE

  8. Classification INVERTEBRATES • No spinal column (also called backbone) • No internal skeleton VERTEBRATES • Have a spinal column • Have an internal skeleton Vertebrates are divided into five groups: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals Seven-spot ladybird INVERTEBRATE Purple frog VERTEBRATE

  9. The Vertebrates Mammals • Produce milk from mammary glands to feed young • Maintain constant body temperature (warm-blooded) • Covering of hair • Give birth to live young

  10. The Vertebrates Birds • Maintain a constant body temperature (warm-blooded) • Reproduce by laying eggs • Have feathers • Most can fly • Have a beak

  11. The Vertebrates Reptiles • Don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded) • Tough scaly skin • Most lay eggs with leathery shells

  12. The Vertebrates Amphibians • Don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded) • Lay eggs in water • Life cycle involves transformation from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adult • Can respire through porous skin

  13. The Vertebrates Fish • A collection of four distantly related groups • Breathe underwater using internal gills for gas exchange • Body covered with scales • Most don’t regulate body temperature (cold-blooded)

  14. Vertebrates Activity 1: Guess Zoo • Get into groups of 6 - 8 • Take a species card - DO NOT LOOK AT IT! • Hold the card on your head for the rest of your group to see • Take turns to ask Yes or No Questions to work out which animal you are • Ask questions based on classification • e.g. do I have cold blood? Note: Asking if you are a mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian or fish is against the rules!

  15. Invertebrates Activity 2: Insect classification Insects are probably the most successful of all invertebrates. All insects have: • An external skeleton • A body split into three segments – head, thorax and abdomen • Six jointed legs, one pair on each body segment • Antennae

  16. Invertebrates Activity 2: Insect classification Most insects have: • 2 or 4 wings for all or part of their life • Compound eyes

  17. Invertebrates Activity 2: Insect classification • Use a computer to researchthe following insect orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Odonata • Using www.ARKive.org for inspiration, draw a typical species of 1 or 2 of these groups on A3 paper • Label the diagram with the defining features of the insect order it belongs to

  18. Grasshoppers and crickets Orthoptera - Stridulation – rubbing wings/legs/abdomen to create sound Wings folded over abdomen Large eyes Ovipositor Ears in legs or abdomen Incomplete metamorphosis

  19. Discussion questions • Why do we classify organisms? • What are the defining characteristics of mammals? • What are the defining characteristics of insects?

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