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Les Effets Collectifs

Les Effets Collectifs. Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL, le 17 avril 2008 R. Nagaoka, au nom de l’équipe des études collectives à SOLEIL. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs. Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 2/20. Les gens qui ont specialement contribué à cette étude:.

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Les Effets Collectifs

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  1. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL, le 17 avril 2008 R. Nagaoka, au nom de l’équipe des études collectives à SOLEIL

  2. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 2/20 Les gens qui ont specialement contribué à cette étude: Mesures des instabilités: M.P. Level, M. Labat, M.E. Couprie, L. Cassinari, A. Loulergue, A. Nadji, J.M. Filhol et les autres membres de l’équipe de SOLEIL commissioning Calculs des impédance et le développement d’un code de tracking multi-paquets: A. Rodriguez (Supelec), V. Krakowski (Supelec), Ph. Martinez, W. Bruns (GdfidL) Développement du système de feedback transverse: M.P. Level, C. Mariette, R. Sreedharan, F. Ribeiro, J. Labelle, T. Nakamura (SPring-8), K. Kobayashi (SPring-8)

  3. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 3/20 1. Études des impédances couplées Un des objectifs majeurs de SOLEIL : Haut courant (500 mA multipaquet et >10 mA en monopaquet) pour des utilisateurs. Effets collectifs dus aux impédances deviennent un point critique. Effects are further enhanced by small chamber openings b0, since wake fields scale ~ b0-1 longitudinally, and ~ b0-2, b0-3 transversally. With b0 = 12.5 mm (standard SOLEIL chamber), the wake sensitivity is enhanced for SOLEIL. 2 sources principaux des « wakes » Difficulty to include resistive-wall (skin) effects into 3-dim wake field codes. Resistive-wall (RW) effects were treated semi-analytically.

  4. Air (or Ferrite) dc Ceramic Metal d b Vacuum Beam R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 4/20 Wakes dus à des parois résistives Modification to standard treatment (non-circular cross section, finite wall thickness) were introduced. Machine files following local RW changes were created including b- variations, which is important for light sources. In particular, field matching due to different metallic and non metallic layers were made. Copper, NEG, titanium coating etc. Azimuthal dependence of power dissipation was followed to study the ceramic chamber heating. Evaluation of incoherent tune shifts.

  5. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 5/20 Wakes géométriques Many vacuum components possess non-axis symmetric (3D) & sub-millimeter structures. Often they excite resonant modes that interact with beam. - Necessity to reduce the mesh size (~0.1 mm) & integrate over a long distance (meters). - Enormous memory (tens of Gbytes) and cpu time required. - GdfidL that runs on a cluster of cpu’s (parallel processing) was employed. cf) Le cluster des ordinateurs à SOLEIL aujourd’hui: 232 core AMD Opteron of 2.2 to 2.6 GHz with 500 Gbyte of distributed memory. Sections non circulaire créent des champs “monopôle” Soufflet blindé type SOLEIL L’impédance d’un taper est généralement difficile à converger Une grande contribution au budget totale à cause de leur grand nombre Monopôles soustraits

  6. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 6/20 Quelques exemples qui ont influencés les dessins des composants vide: - La fente des chambres dipôles Increase of slot height was confirmed not dangerous for the beam and the system. - Les brides Trapped modes strongly excited in a cavity-like structure were estimated to induce severe coupled-bunch instabilities. RF shielding foil was inserted. - BPMs To reduce the heat deposited, the button thickness was increased, instead of reducing its diameter.

  7. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 7/20 Étude des effets de la couche NEG - À SOLEIL, à peu près la moitié des chambres ont la couche NEG. - À Elettra, une augmentation anomale de l’impédance mesurée avec des chambres NEG. Field matching shows that ImZT nearly doubles, but was not enough to explain the Elettra results. (Courtesy E. Karantzoulis (Elettra)) Measurements elsewhere showed granular surface on NEG coated chambers, which could explain the Elettra results. L’épaisseur de la couche a été réduite de 1 à 0.5 mm à la proximité de faisceau. (Courtesy T. Perron (ESRF))

  8. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 8/20 2. Simulations des dynamiques faisceau collectives Utilisation des impédances obtenues dans les simulations des instabilités Impédance géométrique: - Wake potentials need be processed to get Green’s functions for tracking codes. - Impedance was decomposed into purely inductive and resistive components. plus BBRs, whose wake functions are known. Un exemple de la décomposition d’impédance et la reconstruction d’un potentiel wake. Impédance d’une paroi résistive: - Form factors used to treat non-circular chambers. - Longitudinal short-range singularity is overcome with the Henry & Napoly functions.

  9. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 9/20 Développement d’un code de tracking multipaquet traité en mode parallèle • - To analyze RW & Ions driven transverse multibunch instability. • To able to treat different beam fillings, incoherent tune spread, beam-ions interactions. • - Master-children structure using pvm. Each child performs single bunch tracking. • Master stores CM motions of all bunches. Each child then takes into account long-range (RW) forces of all bunches over multiple turns. Mouvement interne d’un paquet Spectre faisceau Effets multi-tours (A. Rodriguez, R. Nagaoka) At SOLEIL, 1000 turn tracking of 138 bunches (1/3 filling) with 2000 particles/bunch: Takes ~ ¼ hour with 16 processors

  10. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 10/20 In the summer 2007, the code was extended to include fast beam-ion interactions, following the scheme of Raubenheimer/Zimmermann (Phys. Rev. E 52, 5487 (1995)) (V. Krakowski, R. Nagaoka) To conserve the parallel-processed structure; - In the 1st step, each child simulates the ionisation and interaction of ions with a single bunch (parallel-process). - In the 2nd step, the sequential passage of electron bunches is simulated and the growing ion distribution interacts with the electron beam. (sequential-process). The code is nearly debugged and ready to produce results.

  11. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 11/20 3. Observations Expérimentaux Instabilités multipaquet - Apparently, mixture of RW and ions induced instabilities in both V & H planes. - No instability observed in the longitudinal plane (HOM free SOLEIL SC cavities). (Mesurés lorsque la dose faisceau était ~20 A.h) • Ion-induced instability depends much on the beam filling • (Ith)V at low chromaticity in rather good agreement with prediction • (Ith)H much lower than expected

  12. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 12/20 • Distinction between the RW and ions-induced instabilities made by beam spectra observations (Observations en remplissage ¾ ) Dominé par RW Mélange de RW & des ions Dominé par des ions • Influence of ions on “RW dominated” cases not yet clear • Stabilisation of m=0 mode occurs at chromaticity of ~0.2 in vertical • Not yet clear if the beam shall be stable at 500 mA by increasing the chromaticity • (i.e. Influence of |m|>0 modes) Excitation du mode m=-1 à 250 mA, xv=0.3 en remplissage ¾

  13. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 13/20 Effets monopaquet Mode detuning and TMCI threshold : Measured threshold Cancellation between the coherent and incoherent tune shifts seen in H. Vertical detuning Horizontal detuning Comparison of impedance using (Horizontally, dfb/dI is deduced as -f0Qs/Ith. )

  14. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 14/20 Bunch lengthening (streak camera) Synchronous phase shift (streak camera) Energy spread widening Both measurement and simulation show no substantial widening up to 20 mA - Measured data seem to indicate that ImZ is larger than expected by a factor of ~2 in all H, V and L planes. - Measured |Z/n|eff is still less than 0.5 W.

  15. beam beam R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 15/20 Est-ce que l’écart sur ImZ pourrait venir de la rugosité de la couche NEG? …since the roughness impedance is inductive, it goes in the right direction. Estimation avec les modèles de l’impédance de la rugosité: (rugosité de ~1 mm supposée) - K. Bane et al.’s “(non-smooth) bump” model. Could explain the factor 2 discrepancy - G. Stupakov’s “small angle approximation” model. Too small to explain the factor 2 discrepancy However, inspection made so far indicates that, unlike elsewhere, NEG coating for SOLEIL chambers did not degrade the original roughness Courtesy SOLEIL’s Metrology Lab. Courtesy SAES Getters SOLEIL extruded Al chamber (rms ~0.3 mm, peak to peak ~1 mm) NEG coated SOLEIL extruded Al chamber L’écart observé ne semble pas être attribué à la rugosité

  16. fA=28(CO) R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 16/20 Mesure des instabilités transverses paquet par paquet avec le FBT: Afin de comprendre la nature de l’instabilité multipaquet, la dynamique du faisceau mesurée paquet par paquet, en coupant FBT typiquement sur ~ms. - A bas courant, le comportement de l’instabilité est plutôt du type RW. - A partir de ~200 mA, il y a une transition au type Fast Ions(FBII). Il faut suivre l’évolution de l’instabilité en fonction de niveau du vide. Spectre du faisceau mesuré à 250 mA en remplissage 3/4. Phase d’oscillation betatron en fonction des paquets. Amplitude d’oscillation en fonction des paquets.

  17. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 17/20 4. Développement d’un système de feedback transverse Motivation: - Envisaged 2 operation modes at SOLEIL (500 mA multibunch, 8x10 mA single bunch) - Vertically narrow vacuum chambers around the machine Low transverse multi and single bunch instability thresholds predicted. Chromaticity shifting predicted not to fully stabilise the beam. Décision faite pour avoir un FBT disponible depuis le début de l’opération de l’anneau. Performance demandée: - Capable of suppressing different transverse multibunch and single bunch instabilities - Not spoil the small transverse beam size (Ds < s/10) Strategie adoptée: Make use of the technologies and devices already developed elsewhere. - SPring-8 digital processor chosen for its proven performance in different machines. - BPM, RF frontend, stripline kicker developed in house

  18. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 18/20 Caractéristiques du processeur numérique: Four 12-bit ADCs working at 88 MHz (352.2 MHz/4) All FIR filters and multiplexers integrated into one FPGA board (latency < 1 turn) Two 20-tap or one 50-tap FIR filter Five 12-bit DACs Chaîne du feedback transverse développé RF frontend: Creates a D-signal and extract a band of frf/2 at 4th harmonic of frf, then down coverts to the base band. Kicker: Sensibilité du BPM SOLEIL à 1.2 mA/paquet A 4-electrode stripline developed for diagnostic purposes is currently used for feedback in the two transverse planes. Dpeak ~47 mV/mA/mm

  19. 2-electrode solution 4-electrode solution (Courtesy C. Mariette) R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 19/20 Développement des striplines dédiés: A 2-electrode stripline with high shunt (~60 kW) and low coupling impedance was developed and recently installed in the ring (Feb. 08). Modes de fonctionnement et des filtres numériques: Following the success at SPring-8, the system is used either in a single plane (H or V), or in both planes (H and V) by working in the diagonal mode. 16-tap FIRs with 2 turn delay are currently applied. Le gain et la phase d’un filtre FIR 16-tap vertical

  20. R. Nagaoka et al. Les Effets Collectifs Rencontres LAL/SOLEIL le 17 avril 2008: 20/20 La performance atteinte: Stable 300 mA beam with zero chromaticity in both transverse planes. Feedback damping time of 0.3 ms measured at 250 mA. Feedback is routinely applied in both transverse planes for user operation with reduced chromaticity. Absence des raies instables à 300 mA Performance atteinte en monopaquet Prochains buts: Suppression of vertical beam size increase in multibunch, extension to 500 mA. Increase of single bunch instability threshold current.

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