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1- Making Density Gradients

1- Making Density Gradients. Pre-formed discontinuous gradients Pre-formed continuous gradients Self-generated gradients. 2- Density Gradient Harvesting. C. A. B. Discontinuous gradient by overlayering. A. B. C. D. Discontinuous gradient by underlayering. density. top. bottom.

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1- Making Density Gradients

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  1. 1- Making Density Gradients • Pre-formed discontinuous gradients • Pre-formed continuous gradients • Self-generated gradients 2- Density Gradient Harvesting

  2. C A B Discontinuous gradient by overlayering

  3. A B C D Discontinuous gradient by underlayering

  4. density top bottom Diffusion of a discontinuous gradient

  5. Discontinuous Continuous 45-60 min Rapid formation of continuous from discontinuous gradient

  6. A B T SB SB P M Two-chamber device for continuous gradients

  7. B The Gradient Master

  8. Density (g/ml) 2 min 1.13 2.5 min 3.0 min 1.11 1.09 1.07 1 3 5 7 9 Fraction Number Gradient Master profiles from 10% and 40% iodixanol at 80° and 20 rpm: effect of time

  9. axis of rotation g At rest Spinning g Swinging-bucket rotor

  10. Fixed-angle Vertical g 1g Fixed-angle and vertical rotors

  11. Swinging-bucket Axis of rotation Vertical Sedimentation path length of rotors

  12. A B Axis of rotation Sample/gradient in vertical rotor

  13. time g Self-generated gradients • At 360,000gav iodixanol molecules will start to sediment

  14. 350,000g 350,000g 1g 1g Self-generated gradient strategy

  15. Near-vertical rotors are best of all

  16. Iodixanol self-generated gradient requirements • Rotors with a short sedimentation path length ~ 17 mm • RCF of 180,000-350,000gav

  17. Density (g/ml) 15% iodixanol 1.30 1 h 3 h 1.25 20% iodixanol 1.20 1 h 3 h 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.00 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Fraction Number Effect of time on iodixanol self-generated gradient in the Beckman TLN100 at 365,000g

  18. 1.3 15% (170,000g) 30% (170,000g) 15% (353,000g) 1.2 30% (353,000g) Density (g/ml) 1.1 1.0 1 3 5 7 9 11 Fraction Number Effect of RCF and [iodixanol] in Beckman VTi65.1 (3 h)

  19. Removal of banded material using a syringe

  20. Collecting a band from a sealed tube

  21. Gilson Fraction Collector P 96-well plate Harvest gradient into equal volume fractions by tube puncture

  22. Perfluorodecalin Perfluorodecalin P P Upward displacement

  23. P P P P M B EP C 1 2 3 4 Labconco Auto Densi-flow collects from meniscus

  24. MB Labconco Auto Densi-flow linked to a Gilson FC205 Fraction Collector

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