A Guide to Hardware, 4e

1. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e Chapter 12 Supporting Printers and Scanners

2. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 2 Objectives Learn how printers and scanners work Learn how to install printers and scanners and how to share a printer over a local area network Learn about routine maintenance tasks necessary to support printers and scanners Learn how to troubleshoot printer and scanner problems

3. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 3 Introduction General topics The most popular types of printers How printers work How to support printers and scanners Specific skills to acquire Installing a printer and scanner Sharing a printer with others on a network Maintaining printers and scanners Troubleshooting printer and scanner problems

4. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 4 How Printers and Scanners Work Multiple ways to connect printer/scanners to a PC Examples: parallel port, serial port, wireless connection Printers can be combined with other devices; e.g., fax Metrics used to rate a printer: Warm-up time (time to print the first page) The resolution (measured in dpi or dots per inch) Maximum duty cycle (monthly quota set by warranty) Printing speed (measured in PPM or pages per minute) Technology for formatting a page; e.g., PostScript Types: impact (e.g., dot matrix), nonimpact (e.g., laser)

5. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 5 Laser Printers Overview of how electrophotography works Toner is placed on an electrically charged rotating drum Toner is deposited on paper moving at the drum speed Six steps of laser printing Cleaning: drum cleaned of residual toner and charge Conditioning: drum surface is charged to -600 V Writing: laser beam writes -100 V image to drum surface Developing: toner is applied to -100 V areas of the drum Transferring: toner drawn off drum and onto the paper Fusing: heat and pressure used to fuser toner to paper

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7. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 7 Inkjet Printers Overview of inkjet printer technology: The print head moves across the paper One line of text is created with each pass Ink is applied to paper using a matrix of small dots Plates with magnetic charge direct path to the page Comparison to laser printers Resolution tends to be lower Images tend to smudge on inexpensive paper Usually less expensive Advice: buy printer with color and black ink cartridges

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9. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 9 Dot Matrix Printers Overview of dot matrix printer technology: A print head moves across the width of the paper Pins are used to print a matrix of dots on the page Pins shoot against a cloth ribbon Ribbon impacts the paper, depositing the ink Dot matrix printer technology is obsolescent Guidelines for maintaining print heads Keep the printer in a cool, well-ventilated area Do not print over 50 to 75 pages without a cool down

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11. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 11 Thermal Printers and Solid Ink Printers Nonimpact printers that use heat to produce output Overview of thermal printer technology Wax-based ink is heated by heat pins Heat pins melt the ink onto paper Overview of dye-sublimation printer technology Print head passes over and heats each color film Heated film causes dye to vaporize onto glossy paper Overview of solid ink printer technology Ink in solid blocks (color sticks) is melted into print head Head jets ink onto paper as it passes by on a drum

12. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 12 Introducing Scanners Scanner: converts an image into a digital file Types: flat-bed, sheet-fed, and portable (handheld) Other features used to select scanners: Scanning speed: especially important for high volume Scanner resolution: at least 400 dpi (dots per inch) Scanning mode: color, black and white, grayscale Preview mode: for previewing and editing input page Bundled software: may include image-editing program Maximum document size: might be 81/2 x 11 or larger File formats: might be JPEG, TIFF, PDF, GIF, HTML Connection to PC: might be USB, FireWire, or SCSI

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14. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 14 Introducing Scanners (continued) Overview of scanner technology: A motor moves scanning head across paper on glass Fluorescent lamp under glass shines light onto paper Reflected light is diverted by set of mirrors into a lens Lens focuses light onto a series of diodes Diodes convert the light into electrical current Varying amounts of current are digitized and sent to PC PC converts digital signals into a graphics (or text) file OCR (optical character recognition) software Interprets written text for storage in text files

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16. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 16 Installing and Sharing a Printer Two ways a printer is connected to the network By way of connection to a computer (indirect) By way of an Ethernet port on the printer (direct) PCs on a network need drivers to use the printer Topics covered in this section How to install a local printer How to share that printer with others on the network

17. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 17 Installing a Local Printer Steps taken when a hot-pluggable port is used: Log onto the system as an administrator Launch the CD setup program Follow installation instructions from setup program Connect the printer to the port (USB) The setup program detects the printer and tells you Test the printer from the Printers window Show user how to use the printer and any add-ons

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19. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 19 Installing a Local Printer (continued) Steps taken when an older port is used: Plug in the printer to the port and turn on the printer Launch setup program from manufacturer�s CD Alternative: use the Windows installation process Follow directions onscreen to install printer Test the printer in the Printers window

20. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 20 Sharing a Printer with Others in a Workgroup File and Printer Sharing Must be installed to share a local printer using Windows Client for Microsoft Networks Must be installed to use shared printer on a remote PC Overview of how to share a local printer Open printer�s Properties dialog box and select Sharing Select share this printer and enter a name for the printer Make drivers available in Additional Drivers window Remote PC must have network printer drivers Can be installed from setup CD or from host PC

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22. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 22 Sharing a Printer with Others in a Workgroup (continued) Critical steps when installing printer driver from CD Indicate that you want to use a network printer Enter the host computer name and printer name Using My Network Places to find a network printer Right-click printer in My Network Places Select Connect from the shortcut menu Drivers from the host may be installed Network Neighborhood Used in Windows 9x/Me to locate a network printer

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25. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 25 Sharing a Printer with Others in a Workgroup (continued) Three ways to make a printer available on a network: Attach a regular printer to a PC that is part of network Connect a network printer directly to the network Use a print server to manage requests from client PCs Sources of drivers: Manufacturer�s CD or Web site Critical steps for the last two methods Configure local printer to use a standard TCP/IP port Identify printer name or IP address of network printer Select the correct driver to be installed

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27. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 27 Maintaining Printers and Scanners How to extend working life of printers and scanners Follow the manufacturer�s directions for device use Perform the necessary routine maintenance Maintenance topics: Communication protocols used by printers Managing printers Installing and supporting a scanner

28. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 28 Printer Languages Communication methods Printer uses PostScript commands to build the page Printer uses PCL commands to build the page PCL: Printer Control Language Windows GDI builds page, then sends it to the printer GDI: Graphics Device Interface Raw data is printed with little-to-no formatting Spooling (simultaneous peripheral operations online) Process of queuing print requests from application Bidirectional communication: printer and OS can talk

29. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 29 Using Windows to Manage Printing Some tasks performed from Printers and Faxes Delete printers Change the Windows default printer Purge print jobs to troubleshoot failed printing Manage printer settings and options How to adding new equipment to a printer Install physical device; e.g., stapler and stacker unit Enable new equipment in Properties window of printer Some printers allow you to install extra memory Obtain driver upgrades to add new functionality

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32. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 32 Routine Printer Maintenance Sources of specific maintenance procedures Printer documentation The manufacturer�s Web site Printer consumables Examples: paper, toner cartridges, ink cartridges Advice: keep a full supply of consumables on hand Printer maintenance kit Specific printer components Step-by-step instructions for performing maintenance Special tools or equipment

33. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 33 Routine Printer Maintenance (continued) Cleaning a printer Clean the outside of the printer with a damp cloth Do not use ammonia-based cleaners Clean the inside of the printer with a dry cloth Do not blow out toner with compressed air Two safe tools Toner-certified vacuum cleaner Extension magnet brush Uses of software: clean inkjet nozzles, align cartridges Cartridge nozzles may have to be manually cleaned

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36. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 36 Routine Printer Maintenance (continued) Some of many resources at OEM�s Web site Online documentation, drivers, replacement parts Manual shows how to access firmware utility Updating firmware (for HP 8100 DN network printer) Enter printer�s IP address in browser address box The opening window of the utility appears Click Administration and then the Support tab Connect to the HP Web site Search for updates and the download the software

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39. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 39 Supporting Scanners Overview of how to install a USB scanner Launch the setup CD before connecting the scanner Follow onscreen software installation instructions Connect the scanner, plug it in, and turn it on Test the scanner by scanning and saving an image Scanner routine maintenance Read scanner documentation Use utility software to adjust settings; e.g., resolution Clean glass with soft dry cloth or mild glass cleaner

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42. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 42 Troubleshooting Printers and Scanners Section topics General printer troubleshooting Troubleshooting problems specific to each printer type General tasks performed during troubleshooting Interview the user Find out what works and does not work Make an initial determination of the problem If problem is solved, check with the client Document problem symptoms and solutions

43. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 43 Printer Does Not Print Organize diagnostic questions in a flowchart Some questions to ask for problems with the printer Does the printer have paper? Is the paper installed correctly? Is the paper damp or wrinkled? Some tasks for fixing a problem with a cable or port Check that the cable is firmly connected at both ends Try a different cable, use a shorter cable Enter CMOS setup and check the port configuration

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45. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 45 Printer Does Not Print (continued) Some tasks for troubleshooting network connection Turn the printer off and back on or reboot the PC Verify that the correct default printer is selected Try installing a second supported network protocol A few ways to fix problems from Windows printing Delete all print jobs in the printer�s queue Check the Event Viewer for printer issues Verify printer properties; e.g., lower resolution Uncheck �Enable bidirectional support for printer� Disable printer spooling

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47. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 47 Printer Does Not Print (continued) A few ways to troubleshoot application problems Verify that the correct printer is selected Try printing from a different application file Delete any files in the print spool Reboot the PC Try printing from another application Close any applications that are not being used Add more memory to the printer Remove and reinstall the printer drivers

48. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 48 Problems with Laser Printers Poor print quality or toner low message displayed Unplug a heated printer and allow it to cool Replace the toner cartridge Try a different brand of paper Clean the inside of the printer Printer stays in warm-up mode Turn off the printer and disconnect the cable to PC Verify that the cable is connected to the correct port Verify that data is being sent to the correct port Try printing from another PC

49. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 49 Problems with Laser Printers (continued) A paper jam occurs or paper out message appears Check for jammed paper in input tray and output bin Damp paper can cause paper jams One or more white streaks appear in the print Remove the toner cartridge, shake it, and reinstall Remove and clean the developer unit Print appears speckled Try replacing the cartridge Replace the laser drum

50. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 50 Problems with Laser Printers (continued) Printed images are distorted Check for debris interfering with the printer operation Inspect photoreceptor drum for wear Printing is slow Clean up the drive, install a new drive if necessary Add more memory to the printer A portion of the page does not print Add more memory Print only simple pages with few graphics

51. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 51 Problems with Inkjet Printers Print quality is poor Remove and reinstall the cartridge Printing is intermittent or absent Make sure the correct printer driver is installed Lines or dots are missing from the printed page Clean the inkjet nozzles Ink streaks appear on the printed page Clean the inkjet nozzles Paper is jammed: open back door, remove paper

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53. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 53 Problems with Dot Matrix Printers Print quality is poor Replace the ribbon, if it is not advancing normally Check the printer�s advance mechanism Adjust the print head spacing Check the print head for dirt Print head moves back and forth but nothing prints Check the ribbon installation Replace a dried out ribbon

54. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 54 Troubleshooting Scanners Turn off scanner, unplug it, re-plug it, turn it back on Disconnect and reconnect the USB cable Try rebooting your computer Clean up the hard drive Use troubleshooting software

55. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 55 Summary Printer metrics: warm-up time, resolution, maximum duty cycle, printing speed, page formatting Impact printers: dot matrix Nonimpact printers: laser, inkjet, solid ink, thermal dye-sublimation, printers Six steps in laser printing: cleaning, conditioning, writing, developing, transferring, and fusing

56. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e 56 Summary (continued) Scanner: converts an image into a digital file Three types of scanners are flat-bed, sheet-fed, and portable scanners Printer communication protocols: PostScript, PCL, Windows GDI A printer is configured in Printers and Faxes (Windows XP) or Printers windows (Windows 2000) Routine maintenance extends the working life of printers and scanners