浅谈初中英语中的“主谓一致 ”

1. 浅谈初中英语中的“主谓一致” 江苏省西亭高级中学 曹智勇

2. 有关“主谓一致”的试题，在近几年的中考英语试题中以多种形式出现。如：单项选择、单句改错、短文改错、同义句转换、时态填空等，题型多样。不少学生对此类试题迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知从何下手。为了使同学们掌握它，现对初中英语中“主谓一致的问题归纳总结如下有关“主谓一致”的试题，在近几年的中考英语试题中以多种形式出现。如：单项选择、单句改错、短文改错、同义句转换、时态填空等，题型多样。不少学生对此类试题迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知从何下手。为了使同学们掌握它，现对初中英语中“主谓一致的问题归纳总结如下

3. 一、最基本的"主谓一致"规则 • 　　初中课本中最基本的"主谓一致"规则是："单则单，复则复"，即主语为单数时，谓语动词也用相应的单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。例如：I am a teacher. We are teachers. 但要注意：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Two years is quite a long time. Ten dollars is enough.另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。例如：Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred. How much is ninety-nine minus sixty-two?

4. 二、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 • family, class, team等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.

5. 三、neither... nor..., either...or..., not...but...，not only... but also...等连词连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。例如：Neither he nor I know anything about it. Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the museum. there be…结构也属于此类。例如：There is a teacher,a desk, a blackboard, some desks and some chairs in the classroom.但要注意：both…and…表示"……和……都"，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Both his father and mother are doctors.

6. 四、两个主语用and连接时，谓语动词的使用 • and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意：and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：A singer and dancer is coming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。

7. 五、politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 • 这类形式上为复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult for me.但要注意有些名词，如：people(人；人们), police等则是形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：People there are very friendly

8. 六、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 • 1.something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等复合不定代词，以及either, neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one, another等代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer. • 2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语，或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. Both of them are in my class.

9. 七、with, as well as, like等修饰的单数名词作主语，谓语动词的使用 • 单数名词作主语，且后面有with, as well as, like等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2.Is the woman like you your mother? 3.The instrument as well as other spare parts is going to be airlifted soon. (该仪器以及其它一些备用件不久将空运。)

10. 八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词的使用八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词的使用 • 动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions. (工人们最关注的是好的工资待遇和工作条件。)

11. 主谓一致正误辨析 • 同学们在"主谓一致"问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误，现将有关"主谓一致"现象的难点归纳如下：

12. 一、主语为单数集体名词，谓语动词用复数的情况一、主语为单数集体名词，谓语动词用复数的情况 • [例1]警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。 • [误] The police is searching the city for a thief. • [正] The police are searching the city for a thief. • [析] police，people，cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数，但意义上却为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。 • [例2]在我国老人受到很好的照顾。 • [误] The old is taken good care of in our country. • [正] The old are taken good care of in our country. • [析]某些形容词前加上定冠词the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

13. 二、主语为复数形式，谓语动词用单数的情况 • [例1]《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。 • [误] The New York Times are read all over the United States. • [正] The New York Times is read all over the United States. • [析]当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。 • [例2]这条裤子是他哥哥的。 • [误] This pair of trousers are his brother's. • [正] This pair of trousers is his brother's. • [析]一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有"一条"、"一副"、"一把"之类的单位名词，则谓语动词用单数，不带单位名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。

14. 三、主语为单数形式，谓语动词有时用单数，有时用复数的情况[例1]他家里人正等着他。三、主语为单数形式，谓语动词有时用单数，有时用复数的情况[例1]他家里人正等着他。 • [误] His family is waiting for him. • [正] His family are waiting for him. • [析]有些集体名词，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果就其中一个个成员考虑，谓语动词则用复数形式。 • [例2]我们需要许多食物。 • [误] Lots of food are needed by us. • [正] Lots of food is needed by us. • [析] "a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。

15. 四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况 • [例1]那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。 • [误] The teacher and writer have come to the meeting. • [正] The teacher and writer has come to the meeting. • [析]由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语，指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 • [例2]每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 • [误] Every boy and every girl have the right to education. • [正] Every boy and every girl has the right to education. • [析]由and连接两个单数主语，若前面有every，each等限定时，谓语动词用单数形式。

16. [例3]那时，教授带着许多学生正在实验室做实验。[误] The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.[正] The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.[析]主语后跟有as well as，no less than，rather than, but，besides，except，like，with，along with，together with等介词(短语)时，谓语动词的数要与介词(短语)前面的主语的数相一致。

17. 五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致 • [例1]和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。 • [误] To tallk with the children are a great pleasure. • [正] To talk with the children is a great pleasure. • [析]该句是不定式作主语，表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 • [例2]一切都准备好了，是吗? • [误] Everything are ready，aren't they? • [正] Everything is ready，isn't it? • [析] everything，something，nothing等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式，附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。不定代词everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。

18. 巩固练习 • 1. A woman with a baby______ coming here. • A. is B. are • 2. The girl as well as the boys ______learned to drive a car. • A. has B. have • 3. Whenever anything_______, please stay here quietly. • A. happens B. happen • 4. Many a man_____ the story. • A. believe B. believes • 5. A year and a half_____ already passed. • A.has B. have • 6. Twelve percent of the workers here______ women. • A. is B. are

19. 7. His family______ watching TV. • A. is B. are • 8. Bread and butter______ their daily food. • A. isB. are • 9. Not only a pen but also two books _____lost. • A. wasB. were • 10. The boy and the girl each______ their own toys. • A. has B. have • 11. Maths_______ not easy to learn. • A. is B. are

20. 12. To master the spirit of a foreign language______ not easy. • A. is B. are • 13. A number of the students_______ going to visit the History Museum. • A. is B. are • 14. The number of the girl students in that school______ smaller than that of the boy students. • A. is B. are • 15. The doctor and scientist______ to the meeting. • A. was invited B. were invited • Keys: 1--5 AAABA 6--10 BBABB 11--15 AABAA