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Monday Warm Up 5/23 Use your video questions from Friday to answer

Monday Warm Up 5/23 Use your video questions from Friday to answer. What killed more people than World War I? How does a virus reproduce? Why should countries immediately report a spreading disease?. Monday Agenda. Today Objectives: SWBAT differentiate between bacteria and viruses

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Monday Warm Up 5/23 Use your video questions from Friday to answer

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  1. Monday Warm Up 5/23Use your video questions from Friday to answer • What killed more people than World War I? • How does a virus reproduce? • Why should countries immediately report a spreading disease?

  2. Monday Agenda • Today • Objectives: SWBAT differentiate between bacteria and viruses • Finish Swine Flu Video and Questions • Notes/ Comparison Chart • Epidemic Reading and Questions • Reading Guide 31.1

  3. Swine Flu Video

  4. Are Viruses Alive? • Viruses need a host cell in order to reproduce. • They also cannot grow or maintain homeostasis • That means they are NOT living.

  5. Viruses • Size: 20- 400 nano meters (nm = 1 billionth of a meter) • Structure • Contain either DNA or RNA • Surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid

  6. Video • http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2009/10/23/114075029/flu-attack-how-a-virus-invades-your-body • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8819B0AE-8366-4E0F-938F-1B9FC9D57EA7&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  7. Life Cycle of a Virus • Infection: virus attaches to cell and injects DNA or RNA • Replication: DNA of viruses is copied by the cell • Assembly: newly made viruses are put together • Lysis: when viruses burst through the cell, causing cell death

  8. Virus Cycle

  9. Diseases caused by viruses -Many diseases are caused by viruses including: Common cold, flu, small pox, warts and HIV.

  10. Type of Infection • Viruses affect the whole body once someone is sick, which is called a systemic infection.

  11. Treatment? • You can treat the symptoms, but it’s up to the immune system to fight a viral infection. • Treatment includes • Painkillers, or medicine to treat symptoms • Drinking plenty of water • Vaccines (only prevent future infections)

  12. Bacteria • Bacteria are small, one-celled prokaryotes. • Bacteria reproduce asexually through mitosis and binary fission.

  13. Structure of Bacteria • All bacteria have a cell wall and/or cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA • Some bacteria are surrounded by a capsule which keeps them from being eaten by white blood cells. • Size: ~ 1000 nm

  14. Bacteria

  15. Benefits of Bacteria • Most bacteria is beneficial!!!! • Uses of bacteria • Making dairy products (yogurt, sour cream, cheese, milk) • Probiotics contain bacteria and are used for digestive health and medicinal purposes • Some bacteria decompose waste • Bacteria is used to consume oil in the ocean

  16. Bad Bacteria cause Diseases • Some bacteria cause diseases such as Strep Throat, pneumonia, tetanus, spinal meningitis. • Only bacteria that have capsules are infectious (can cause disease).

  17. Type of Infection Treatment Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics that will typically kill the bad bacteria. • When bacteria cause an infection, it is localized or only affects a certain area of the body.

  18. How can you get infected? Contaminated blood products Airborne Contaminated food or water

  19. How can you get infected? Sexual contact Infected Animals or Vectors such as Mosquitoes

  20. Comparison Chart

  21. Epidemic Reading and Questions

  22. Tuesday Warm Up 5/24 • What are some benefits of bacteria? • What are at least two differences between bacteria and viruses? • What are at least 2 ways to prevent a disease from spreading?

  23. Tuesday Agenda • Today • Objective: Differentiate between nonspecific and specific defenses. • Examine different parts of the immune system and the roles they play • Introduce Final Project • Textbook Activity • Reading Guides

  24. Final Weeks • Library • 3rd Period: Tues. 5/31 and Wed. 6/1 • 4th Period: Fri. 5/27 and Tues. 5/31 • Next Week • Gather information and work on Project (Disease Brochure) • Last Week • Gallery Walk Presentations • Dissection (Hopefully!) • Have to be passing and turned in BOTH projects

  25. Textbook Activity

  26. Whooping Cough Write down the following questions and answer them after watching the video. • What makes whooping cough different from a regular cough/cold? • Why does it affect infants more? • What are two things adults can do to prevent spreading whooping cough?

  27. Reading Guides

  28. Exit Ticket • What is your body’s first line of defense? • If you have already been exposed to a virus, you will not get sick from it a second time. What type of immunity is this?

  29. Innate Immunity • The body’s earliest lines of defense against any and all pathogens make up your nonspecific, innate immunity.

  30. Skin and body secretions • Intact skin is a formidable physical barrier to the entrance of microorganisms. • In addition to the skin, pathogens also encounter your body’s secretions of mucus, oil, sweat, tears, and saliva

  31. Skin and body secretions • Because mucus is slightly viscous (thick), it also traps many microorganisms and other foreign substances that enter the respiratory and digestive tracts. • Mucus is continually swallowed and passed to the stomach, where acidic gastric juice destroys most bacteria and their toxins.

  32. Skin and body secretions • Sweat, tears, and saliva all contain the enzyme lysozyme, which is capable of breaking down the cell walls of some bacteria.

  33. Inflammation of body tissues • If a pathogen manages to get past the skin and body secretions, your body has several other nonspecific defense mechanisms that can destroy the invader and restore homeostasis.

  34. Inflammation of body tissues • If bacteria or other pathogens enter and damage body tissues, inflammation (ihn fluh MAY shun) results. • Inflammation is characterized by four symptoms—redness, swelling, pain, and heat.

  35. Inflammation of body tissues Histamine released— blood vessels dilate Injury • Inflammation begins when damaged tissued cells called mast cells, and white blood cells called basophils release histamine (HIHS tuh meen).

  36. Inflammation of body tissues • This increase in tissue fluid causes swelling and pain, and may also cause a local temperature increase. • Inflammation can occur as a reaction to other types of injury as well as infections.

  37. What causes the symptoms of a disease? • When a pathogen invades your body, it encounters your immune system. • If the pathogen overcomes the defenses of your immune system, it can metabolize and multiply, causing damage to the tissues it has invaded, and even killing host cells.

  38. Section 39.2 Summary – pages 1031-1041 Passive and Active Immunity • Active acquired immunity develops when your body is directly exposed to antigens and produces antibodies in response to those antigens.

  39. Section 39.2 Summary – pages 1031-1041 Passive Immunity • Natural passive immunity develops when antibodies are transferred from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta or to a newborn infant through the mother’s milk.

  40. Thursday Warm-up • Explain in complete sentences how fighting crime is similar to our immune system fighting diseases. You should have at least 3 quality sentences in your response. • What could make the immune system weaker?

  41. Thursday Agenda • Today • Objective: SWBAT Describe why a person with an immunodeficiency cannot fight off common infections • Pass out Progress Reports • Pre-Test Questionnaire • Notes • Video on spread of HIV and AIDS

  42. KEY CONCEPTWhen the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off disease.

  43. Leukemia is characterized by abnormal white blood cells. • characterized by immature white blood cells • causes weakened immune system • Leukemia is cancer of the bone marrow.

  44. People get sick easily because white blood cells cannot fight infections • if immune system were healthy, would fight these infections • Leukemia leads to opportunistic infections.

  45. Examples • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis • Bronchitis • Toxoplasmosis • Chronic ulcers

  46. HIV targets the immune system. • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. • attacks and weakens the immune system • is transmitted by mixing infected blood with a bodily fluid

  47. deadT cell T cell activatedB cell antibody HIV • HIV infection leads to AIDS. • HIV reproduces in and destroys T cells. • The body cannot replace T cells fast enough. • T cells cannot help the immune system fight infections.

  48. The beginning of AIDS • In 1981, an unusual cluster of cases of a rare pneumonia caused by a protozoan appeared in the San Francisco area. • By 1983, the pathogen causing this immune system disease had been identified as a retrovirus, now known as Human Immunodeficiency (ihmyewnohdih FIH shun see) Virus, or HIV.

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