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New Insecticides and Repellents for Use on Mosquitoes and Sand Flies

New Insecticides and Repellents for Use on Mosquitoes and Sand Flies. Ulrich R. Bernier USDA-ARS-CMAVE Mosquito & Fly Research Unit 352-374-5917 uli.bernier@ars.usda.gov 2010 DWFP-OPMRA February 12, 2010 Jacksonville NAS. Research Projects.

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New Insecticides and Repellents for Use on Mosquitoes and Sand Flies

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  1. New Insecticides and Repellents for Use on Mosquitoes and Sand Flies Ulrich R. Bernier USDA-ARS-CMAVE Mosquito & Fly Research Unit 352-374-5917 uli.bernier@ars.usda.gov 2010 DWFP-OPMRA February 12, 2010 Jacksonville NAS

  2. Research Projects Development of Novel Repellents and Insecticides -SCA with Alan Katritzky (UF-Chemistry). Bite Protection of Current Uniforms and Improved Repellent−Treated Military Uniforms - Reimbursable with NSRDEC. Collaboration with Kamal Chauhan (IIBBL), CDR Schoeler (JAX-NECE). Attraction−Inhibitors - Collaboration with Kamal Chauhan (IIBBL), CDR Szumlas, CDR Hoel, LT Furman (NAMRU-3).

  3. Insecticide/Repellent Projects Project #dataset used from USDA archives USDA, Agriculture Handbooks No 69 (1954), No 340 (1967), Technical Bulletin No 1549 (1977). 1608 Carboxamides – carboxamide repellents 1757 Acylpiperidines – best 7 repellents 1665 Various insecticides – house fly 1666 Various insecticides – house fly 1668 Various insecticides – anopheleines 1669 Various insecticides – Ae. taeniorhynchus 1670 Various repellents – Ae. aegypti

  4. Research strategy USDA archives Modeling (ANN, QSAR Predictions Synthesis Bioassays Katritzky AR et al. PNAS US.2008, 21, 7359 Gupta RK, Bhattacharjee AK (2007) Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods, and Uses, pp195–228.

  5. “Cloth patch” assay UF IRB-01 636-2005

  6. Acylpiperidines – top candidates from 1611 repellents (1757) Complete protection time (CPT) of most active acylpiperidines vs DEET using “Cloth Patch” assays Protection time (days) 25 mmol/cm2 Concentration 2.5 mmol/cm2 Treatment Katritzky AR et al. PNAS US.2008, 21, 7359

  7. Acylpiperidines as mosquito repellents (1757) Selected carboxamides vs DEET

  8. Carboxamides as mosquito repellents (1608) Complete protection time (CPT) for selected carboxamides and DEET at two concentrations using “Cloth Patch” assays Protection time (days) 25 mmol/cm2 Concentration 2.5 mmol/cm2 Treatment

  9. Carboxamides as mosquito repellents (1608) Selected carboxamides vs DEET 12.0 days 13.0 days 15.0 days 22.0 days DEET 5.0 days 7.0 days 2.5 days 25 and 2.5 mol/cm2

  10. House Fly, Contact Insecticides (1665) 100 % mortality Concentration (mmol/L) P/1.5 C/3.2

  11. House fly, Residual Insecticides (1666) 100 % mortality Concentration (mmol/L) P/1.4 C/3

  12. Common Malaria MosquitoResidual Insecticides (1668) 100 % mortality Concentration (mmol/L) P/1.2 C/2.5

  13. Evaluation of Permethrin-Treated Military Uniforms • August, 2003—After Monrovia, Liberia mission, USMC requested assistance of MFRU to transition to factory-treated uniforms. • May 20, 2006-March 09, 2007—”First Article Testing” of Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniforms (MCCUUs). • 2008-2009—Evaluation of U.S. Army, USMC, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy uniforms. • 2010—”First Article Testing” of Factory Treated Fire-Resistant Army Combat Uniforms (FT FRACUs).

  14. “Bite Protection” Assay UF IRB-01 69-2006

  15. Summary of Bite Protection Evaluation of Twill Uniforms(MCCUUs, FROG, ABUs, Abrams)

  16. Summary of Bite Protection Evaluation of US Army Uniforms:ACUs, FRACUs, Nomex

  17. Air permeability (cfm) Twill Ripstop U Comparison of Air Permeability (CFM) and“Bite Through” (%) of Twill and Ripstop Combat Uniforms

  18. Evaluation of NWU Field Treatment:Hand Can, Spray Can, IDA Kit(Collaboration with CDR Schoeler,JAX-NECE) Bite protection evaluation initiated 18 Nov 2009- Initial (0x laundered specimens) 3 volunteers [control bite through 30.5 ± 7.7 %]

  19. Treated Fabric Strips • FRACU fabric obtained from Natick Soldier Center • Single-ply fabric cut into (25.5 cm x 33.2 cm x 21.0 cm side) trapezoids (691 cm2 area) and sewn into sleeves. • Chemicals: Permethrin on uniform plus additional fast-acting insecticides ( with Kamal Chauhan-IIBBL). http://www.16mmdrive-infilms.com/pb/wp_66114d41/images/img296954970d2e00fb40.jpg

  20. Evaluation of untreated and permethrin treated sleeves with a (20.5 cm x 2.6 cm) untreated, several volatile pyrethroids, or volatile insectide-treated fabric strips affixed with Velcro® to the wrist regionMaterial was the US Army Fire Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU) (65% Rayon, 10% Nylon, 25% Para-aramid)

  21. Treated FRACU (0.134 mg/cm2)/treated strip (0.158 mg/cm2)DEET-protected hand

  22. Anosmia (noun) Absence of odour sensitivity Absence/decrease of sense of smell Lack of or decrease in olfaction, either permanent or temporary On average used ~2 times of 100 million spoken words in English (Websters Online)

  23. A typical repellent functions as a feeding deterrent or contact irritant. The surface is unappealing to land on, remain in contact with, or feed through. Adapted from: Bernier, U.R., Laboratory Research and Development of Attractants, Inhibitors and Repellents, Tech. Bull. Florida Mosq. Control Assoc.,2006, 9:9-16.

  24. An attraction-inhibitor decreases host-finding by masking or cloaking the presence of kairomones – evident by anosmia exhibited by the insects. ? Adapted from: Bernier, U.R., Laboratory Research and Development of Attractants, Inhibitors and Repellents, Tech. Bull. Florida Mosq. Control Assoc.,2006, 9:9-16.

  25. Non-competitive assays: Addition of a small amount of inhibitor to an attractant blend or to human emanations results in decreased attraction of Ae. aegypti Data acquired 20-26 June 2000

  26. Non-competitive assays: Candidate attraction-inhibitors combined with the attractant blend (Aedes aegypti)Tukey’s HSD (P = 0.05) (F45,287 = 59.6, P < 0.001) e Efficient Inhibition d 31.9% c b a Data acquired 2 May 2005 – 23 July 2007

  27. Non-competitive assays: Response of Anopheles albimanusto a subset ofattraction-inhibitorsAttractant = L-lactic acid + methylene chlorideTukey’s HSD (P = 0.05) (F14,95 = 15.2, P < 0.001) Efficient Inhibition d c b a Data acquired 9 May 2006 -11 September 2007

  28. Evaluation of Selected Inhibitors in a Single-Tube Two-Port OlfactometerPhlebotomus papatasi

  29. Evaluation of Inhibitors with MM-X Traps in Aswan, Egypt Collaboration with NAMRU-3> 93% Phlebotomuspapatasi

  30. Release devices – designed for> 24 h protection

  31. Comparison-2007 vs. 2006 total sand flies Over 12 Trap Nights 2007 2006

  32. Technical StaffPhotos Greg Allen Jesse Durrance Natasha Elejalde Nathan Newlon Maia Tsikolia

  33. Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette--Honorary Members

  34. Probability that I would not mention Dan Kline in a talk:

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