Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Echinodermata

1. Kingdom Animalia:Phylum Echinodermata

4. Phylum Echinodermata: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers

5. Phylum Echinodermata: spiny skin - Endoskeleton: - Water vascular system: tube feet: Madreporite (sieve plate): - Symmtetry: Oral side Aboral side

6. Life cycle of a sea star

8. Class Crinoidea: sea lilies and feather stars Attached during a good part of their lives Flower shaped body with many arms

9. Class Asteroidea: sea stars Star shaped with arms touching at base Found in hard substrates in the ocean

10. Sea star dissection Central stomach (2) and large pyloric cecum (3) that occupies most of the space within each arm as well as the smaller gonads (4). Also seen on the image is the ambulacral ridge (5).

11. Class Ophiuroidea: brittle stars and basket stars Star shaped with arms NOT touching at base Snake like arms Found in all oceans at all depths

12. Class Echinoidea: sea urchins and sand dollars Globe or disk shaped, no arms Movable spines Specialized for living on hard substrates, Between crevices or holes

14. Class Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers Elongated, no arms, spines or, Tube feet around mouth modified into tentacles Reduced skeleton All depths in the ocean, crawl or burrow Role of earthworms of the sea

15. Importance of echinoderms

16. Importance of echinoderms http://www.devbio.biology.gatech.edu/?page_id=396

17. Kingdom Animalia:Phylum Chordata

19. Phylum Chordata: animals with a chord Unique combination of four characteristics present at some stage in development: • notochord (support rod) • Dorsal nerve cord • Pharyngeal (gill) slits or arches (filter feeding and gas exchange) Each arch has its own set of bone, muscle, nerve and blood vessel - Muscular post-anal tail (extension beyond anus)

22. Subphylum Cephalochordata: lancelets (Amphioxus) - Body shaped like a surgical knife - All 4 chordate characteristics persist throughout life -Marine, buried in sand and filter feed

23. Subphylum Urochordata: sea squirts or tunicates Larva is free swimming and adult is sessile Notochord, nerve cord, and postanal tail present during _________ Pharyngeal slits present in ________

24. Head (skull or cranium) A group of plates that Protects the brain and sensory organs

25. Hagfish • Lack jaws and paired fins • Notochord present (no vertebrae) • mouth with tentacles • mucous glands for defense

26. Subphylum: Vertebrata Vertebrae (backbone) Plates that cover the Spinal chord

27. Lampreys • sucking mouth with teeth and rasping tongue • Parasites of other fish • Like Hagfish they: lack jaws paired fins BUT THEY HAVE A BACKBONE

28. Mineralization of the skeleton Reinforced bones (later lost in sharks) And Jaws Modified gill rods Fused with cranium Advantage of jaws?

29. Cartilaginous fish: sharks ,rays, and skates • Cartilaginous skeleton • They have gill slits and lack the gill cover (operculum found in bony fish) - Paired fins

31. Lungs and swim bladders: form during development as an out pocket of the gut

32. Bony fish with operculum Ray-fin fish Dominant class of vertebrates, ½ sp. Fins with rays Swim bladder for buoyance Lobe-fin fish Fleshy fins with bony, leg like support swim bladder for buoyancy and gas exchange lung fish, and ancestors to tetrapods

33. Limbs with digits: Weight bearing appendages That could support their bodies on land

34. Class Amphibia: Frogs, toads, salamanders • Undrego metamorphosis • Characteristics of a land animal: • Characteristics of an aquatic animal:

37. Note that the largest and most conspicuous organ is the liver (1), which is divided into three lobes. Located between the right and left lobes of the liver is the gall bladder (2), which stores bile (a digestive juice) that is produced by the liver. When needed for digestion, the gall bladder secretes a small amount that aids in the breakdown of food, specifically fats. Structures belonging to the digestive system that can be seen include the stomach (3), small intestine (4) and large intestine (5). Other labeled structures include the bright orange or yellow fat bodies (6) that provide enough energy for a frog or toad to go without food during hibernation or estivation (burrowing to escape summer heat and arid conditions) for over a year, the heart (7) and deflated urinary bladder (8).

38. Amniotic Egg: reproductive freedom from water

39. Class Repitlia: snakes, lizards, alligators, turtles • Dry skin with scales • Internal fertilization • Amniotic egg

40. Class Aves: Bird • Feathers • Skeleton modified for flight Sternum bears a large keel to anchor flight muscles • Endothermic • Amniotic egg • Internal fertilization

41. Class Mammalia: mammals Monotremes : Platypus and Echidna Marsupials: kangaroo, koala, opossums Placentals: What are the characteristics of ALL mammal?

42. Placentals Placenta is a modified egg: The embryo is still surrounded by an amnion filled with amniotic fluid The allantois and yolk sac become the umbilical cord providing a connection through which food reaches the fetus, and wastes are removed. Around the whole is the fluid-filled chorion, which "breaks" as labor begins.

43. Mammals success is partly due to their diversity in dentition

44. Important Chordates Yondelis is an ovarian cancer drug from a sea squirt Poison From Frog Skin Leads to a Painkiller Diabetes drug, Byetta, stems from Gila monster spit