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INTERACTIONS AMONG LIVING THINGS

All living things in an ecosystem interact. There are relationships which exist among each and every organism. These relationships can remain the same or they may change depending on the changes to the environment. One thing is for sure, either the organisms learn to survive or they will go by

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INTERACTIONS AMONG LIVING THINGS

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    1. INTERACTIONS AMONG LIVING THINGS CHAPTER 19 SECTION 3 Pages 661-668

    2. All living things in an ecosystem interact. There are relationships which exist among each and every organism. These relationships can remain the same or they may change depending on the changes to the environment. One thing is for sure, either the organisms learn to survive or they will go bye-bye! Over the years we have seen many organisms become extinct. This has either been due to the carelessness of humans or through an act of nature.

    3. Food Chains, Webs and Energy Pyramids Food Chain: Shows flow of energy in an ecosystem Food webs: Shows many paths of energy in an ecosystem Energy pyramid: Shows relationship between producers and consumers

    4. ADAPTING TO THE ENVIRONMENT

    5. VOCABULARY Ecosystem: all the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things that interact in an area. Natural Selection: The changing of a species over a period of time, due to changes in the environment. Niche: An organisms “role or job” in an ecosystem. Competition: The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources Predation: An interaction in which an organism hunts ans kills another organism for food. Predator: The “hunter” Prey: The “hunted”

    6. ADAPTATIONS Each organism in an ecosystem has unique characteristics which enable it to survive in an ecosystem. These “selected” characteristics were inherited from their parents over a long period of time, the organisms without the “selected” characteristics disappear from the population.

    7. EXAMPLE of an ADAPTATION Walking stick What is its adaptation?

    8. Each organism, with its adaptation, fill a certain niche in the ecosystem. This role can includes the type of food the organism eats how it obtains this food what other species use the organism as prey when and how it reproduces the physical conditions it needs to survive

    9. TYPES OF INTERACTIONS 1. COMPETITION 2. PREDATION 3. SYMBIOSIS MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM PARASITISM

    10. COMPETITION When two species occupy the same niche in an area, one of the species will eventually die off. Habitats have a limited amount of resources, food, water and shelter, such as a bucket can only hold so much water, so does a habitat have the ability to “house” a certain number of animals. The extra is known as biological surplus and is expendable. Those that can compete will survive and flourish.

    11. PREDATION

    12. PREDATION ADAPTATIONS Predator and Prey have adaptations which allow them to catch or avoid being caught.

    13. Examples: PREDATORS -Cheetah run extremely fast -Owls can see and hear well at night. -Bats use sonar to locate prey -Sundew plant has sticky bulbs on stalks which catch fly's and holds them until the plant digests them.

    14. Examples: PREY Protective covering: such as the porcupine, hedge hog, or the sea urchin. Warning coloration: poison arrow frog gives off poisonous chemical Mimicry: a fly’s resemblance to a bee, a walking stick Camouflage: chameleon, butterflies, and rattlesnake

    15. EFFECTS OF PREDATION ON POPULATION SIZE When the death rate of a population exceeds the birth rate in a population, the size of the population usually decreases If predators are very effective at hunting their prey, the result is often a decrease in the prey population In turn this decrease effects the predator population

    17. QUESTIONS What happened to the moose population between 1965 to 1975? What in turn happened to the wolf population? By 1980 what happened to the wolf population? What happened around 1990 to the moose pop? Because of this what occurred? It increased It increased and therefore, more moose died It decreased. Some starved, pups could not be raised. In 1990 the moose population took a sharp increase, in turn by 1995 the wolf population began to increase.

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