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The Jew under Richard I. Consider:. Lesson Aim: investigate the changing role of the Jew’s during the reign of Richard I. whether things got better or worse. what changes, if any were made. did the roles change during this time?. Antisemitism?. Attacks on the Jews.
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The Jew under Richard I Consider: • Lesson Aim: investigate the changing role of the Jew’s during the reign of Richard I. whether things got better or worse. what changes, if any were made. did the roles change during this time? Antisemitism?
Attacks on the Jews 1144 - Little Saint William Was it a Jew? Wasn’t it a Jew? Anti Jewish feeling in England was getting worse... Stories from Jewry’s around the land told of ritual murders and bad things that Jews were doing.
Ritual Murders? Blood Libels Christians believed that they killed children because: they needed the blood for passover based on Jewish hate of Christianity they used this blood to reenact the crucifixion.
Contact with Jews 1179 - Third Lateran Council told all Christians to cease or minimise their contact with the Jews In 1180, Philip of France who had similar rights to Jews as England issued an edict to arrest many Jews. 1182 - He expelled all Jews from his lands they were not allowed to return until 1198.
Crusades 1187 - Christians lost Jerusalem Saracen’s then take back land that had “belonged” to Christendom for most of the twelfth century. Jerusalem now once again belonged to the “infidel” Take a few minutes now to write down how you think this impacted the Jews in Europe, particularly England and why....
Third Crusade The Jews themselves are infidels Jews are a source of income for would-be crusaders. Distrust spread and became more acceptable. Jews are already typecast as the bad guy.
Richard I Coronation 1189 - Westminster Leading Jews gather to the coronation hoping they would be afforded the same “rights” as they had under Henry II Richard refuses them entry to his ceremony “for fear of their magic” - did he really believe this? The Jews became the victims of assault by someone remembering the order against them... full scale riot occurred, houses were burned and around 30 Jews were killed. Jews were forcefully baptised.
Mob gathers and believe that this is an order from the King burning houses, looting houses, killing Jews. The only reason they did not kill more is because they began to plunder. Some Jews killed their children then themselves in order not to fall into the hands of the rioters.
Richards reactions. He was furious.... Jews were under his protection it was considered an affront to his power, his dignity and his purse... impossible to punish everyone involved in the riots letter was sent out by the King ordering Jews to be left in peace.
Persecution after 1190 Richard is on a crusade York Jewry was fairly new, it had no records in 1159’s Donum. It housed influential debtors Northern baron’s and knights were amongst the people who owed them money some of whom had pledged their land as equity on loans. The two leading figures in the Jewish community had massive houses
York massacre “a very great mob of country people, and not a few military men... as if each one sought his own private advantage and something to gain for himself” Surviving Jews went to Richard Malebisse for protection and they stayed in his castle. The Jews referred to him as “the Evil Beast” He was also heavily indebted to the Jews. Jews locked him out of the keep.
Sheriff John Marshal came to help the situation he besieged the castle. The Jews decided the kill themselves before being forced to convert to Christianity Some of them did not take part in this Hebrew tradition and declared that they would convert They were massacred when leaving the castle.
Aftermath. After the massacre, all of the books of debt were destroyed. Richard sent William Lonchamp and an army under command of his brother, Henry to punish. York claimed they were innocent and paid themselves out of trouble John Marshal was removed from his position of sheriff. Malebisse had his land confiscated
Aftermath. How did this damage Richard? Royal protection was there so that Jewish debts were collected upon their deaths. i.e exchequer of Aaron. Richard set up new systems of protection for the Jews “Justices of the Jews” New ways of loaning were devised. Two copies of a loan agreement were now signed
Aftermath. 1194 - judges on their “eyre” were told to look into the events of 1190. Exchequer of the Jews created Loans were completed in set places and properly signed with witnesses. 2 Christians 2 Jews 2 clerks. This way, any debt was easily collected rather than lost as was the case in York.
