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The Roaring 20’s

The Roaring 20’s. Chapter 11. The Roaring 20’s. We will discuss 5 topics from the era throughout the week: Monday- The Automobile Industry Tuesday- The Scopes Trial Wednesday- Prohibition Thursday- Mass American Culture Friday- The Harlem Renaissance . The Automobile Industry.

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The Roaring 20’s

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  1. The Roaring 20’s Chapter 11

  2. The Roaring 20’s • We will discuss 5 topics from the era throughout the week: • Monday- The Automobile Industry • Tuesday- The Scopes Trial • Wednesday- Prohibition • Thursday- Mass American Culture • Friday- The Harlem Renaissance

  3. The Automobile Industry • The car was invented in 1886, but its popularity and availability didn’t expand until after WWI • Mass production- rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical parts • Had been used on smaller products such as sewing machines and typewriters • Cars contained thousands of parts

  4. The Automobile Industry • Early in the century, only wealthy city dwellers could afford cars • Henry Ford developed the Model T in 1908- it sold for $850 • Profits allowed him to expand his business and build factories along the Detroit river, which had easy access to materials for producing cars

  5. The Automobile Industry • While more affordable, the Model T was still out of the price range of many Americans • Employing experts to dissect his mass production methods, Ford introduced the assembly line to his factories • In 2 years, the process for making a Model T went from 12 hours to 90 minutes

  6. The Automobile Industry • With the improvements in manufacturing, the price of the Model T plummeted to $290 by 1927 • 1919- 10% of Americans owned a car • 1927- 56% of American owned a car

  7. The Automobile Industry • Ford also introduced many innovations in how his workers were treated: • Doubled minimum wage from $2.35/day to $5/ day • Reduced workday hours from 9 to 8 • First major industrialist to give his workers Saturday and Sunday off • These changes allowed Ford’s workers to become consumers as well

  8. The Automobile Industry • As the auto industry grew, so did other related industries (steel, glass, rubber, gasoline, insurance, etc.) • Road construction boomed and expanded • Service stations, diners, and motels developed • Growth of suburbs took place as it became easier to get to work in the city • Not all news was good: the railroad industry suffered as a result of the freedoms gained by car ownership

  9. The Scopes Trial • The 1920s were a clash of many different ideas between those who lived in urban areas vs those in rural areas: • Modernism- emphasizing science and secular values over traditional ideas about religion • Fundamentalism- emphasized Protestant teaching and the belief that every word in the Bible was literal truth

  10. The Scopes Trial • These 2 ideas clashed when it came to education • Rural (fundamentalists) did not place much value on higher education (just know your 3 R’s!) • Urban (modernists) believed a good education was the difference between low and high paying jobs • During the 20’s more Americans attended college than ever before

  11. The Scopes Trial • In 1925, these two ideas clashed over the teaching of evolution in public school • Fundamentalists: man was made directly by the hand of God • Modernists: man evolved over time from simpler beings (Charles Darwin’s theory)

  12. The Scopes Trial • Tennessee law forbid the teaching of evolution • The ACLU convinced a biology teacher, John Scopes, to challenge the law- he was promptly arrested

  13. The Scopes Trial • Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 • The trial never did solve the central issue of Evolution vs Creationism and still remains today

  14. Prohibition • By 1917, 75% of counties in the US were “dry” • During WWI, it was deemed “unpatriotic” to turn corn, wheat, and barley into liquor when soldiers needed food

  15. Prohibition • 18th Amendment was passed in 1919 • Volstead Act officially enforced the amendment • 2 sides of the issue: • “Drys”- improved individuals, strengthened families, and created a better society • “Wets”- didn’t stop drinking and encouraged crime

  16. Prohibition • People got around the law in a number of ways: • People made their own alcohol or smuggled it from other countries • Bootleggers sold illegal booze • Speakeasies became hotspots for drinking, gambling, and prostitution

  17. Prohibition • One of the biggest problems with Prohibition was there wasn’t an effective way to enforce it • Organized crime networks had too many resources to outsmart (or outgun!) police

  18. Popular Culture • Leisure time: • City dwellers enjoyed more down time than ever before • Work hours went from 70 hrs/week in 1850 to 45 hrs/week in 1930 • Salaries and wages increased

  19. Popular Culture • The movies were a popular way for city dwellers to spend their free time • Silent pictures were very popular as stars such as Charlie Chaplin entertained audiences across the country

  20. Popular Culture • The movie industry changed forever in 1927 with the release of the first movie to have synchronized sound- The Jazz Singer • “Talkies” replaced silent films in popularity

  21. Popular Culture • Phonograph: • First radio broadcast was made on November, 1920 • Soon music from different areas of the country spread all over

  22. Popular Culture • The 1920s were an age of heroes • Babe Ruth became famous for his big bat • Charles Lindberg became famous for his trans-Atlantic flight

  23. The Harlem Renaissance • The Great Migration did provide a better life for many African Americans • While they found better paying jobs in the North, African Americans still faced racism in the North • Hundreds of thousands settled in Harlem, NY and demanded a real solution to the nations racial problems

  24. The Harlem Renaissance • Leaders like Marcus Garvey encouraged black pride and support for black-run businesses • Ideas from the time period carried on into the 1960s

  25. The Harlem Renaissance • “The New Negro” was a term that came to represent the move away from silent acceptance of racism in the US • Authors of the time called for African Americans to not stand for prejudice and rise up against inequality • Langston Huges captured the diversity of the African-American culture in more than 50 works of literature

  26. The Harlem Renaissance • Jazz- a musical form based on improvisation became extremely popular during the 1960s • Started in New Orleans, LA and mixed different cultures and traditions • Louis Armstrong became the spokesman for the style

  27. The Harlem Renaissance • Jazz music became popular with all races- and eventually spread to Europe • Became a symbol of America- a place where different cultures could come together and create something unique together

  28. The Harlem Renaissance • The Harlem Renaissance will end with the Great Depression • Became the foundation of the Civil Rights movement

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