Download
1 / 39
390 likes | 581 Views
The Origins of the Cold War. Key Question: How did the Cold War develop? . Pre-test: Identify the following Cold War items. 1. What are two meetings where the US, Great Britain and the Soviet Union made plans for post-war Europe?. 2. Which country is portrayed in this map?.
E N D
The Origins of the Cold War Key Question: How did the Cold War develop?
Pre-test: Identify the following Cold War items 1. What are two meetings where the US, Great Britain and the Soviet Union made plans for post-war Europe?
3. What is the main idea of this cartoon?4. What historical event does this cartoon depict?
5. What was the name of the US plan that gave money to European countries after World War II?
Cold War Europe • Stalin argued that he needed a buffer zone to protect the Soviet Union from Germany • “Iron Curtain”- growing barrier between East & West • Truman Doctrine- US policy to help countries resist communism
Postwar Germany • U.S. wants economically strong Germany • democratic gov’t & capitalist economy • U.S.S.R. wants weak, powerless Germany • Berlin—in east Germany, but divided among powers
Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949 • Stalin blockades Berlin from Allies • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GoIL9gVonQ • Airlift: 10 ½ months • 2,326,406 tons of food and supplies • 278,228 total flights to Berlin • Became a symbol of communist resistance
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization • 1949 • Military alliance • 28 Member nations “The Parties of NATO agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.”
Warsaw Pact • 1955-1991 • Military alliance • Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe
Foreign Policy during Truman/Eisenhower • Directions: As a group decide the best course of action for the United States to take in each of the scenarios described. Make sure your notes detail the scenario and the decision since at the end you will be asked to examine the patterns and effects of your decisions as a whole. • Imagine you’re in the State Dept and in charge of deciding our foreign policy. • Decide what you think is the best course of action to take based on the policies listed on the sheet. • Explain the policy that you’ve chosen and why you think it will work.
Foreign Policy during Truman/Eisenhower Use these policies to help make your decisions and be sure to mention them in your scenario decision. Truman Doctrine- (1947) Containment Policy- (1947) Domino Theory- The belief that U.S. foreign policy should always assume that if one country “fell” to Communism that the countries near it would fall to Communism- that is, that regions and not just countries need to be protected.(1954) Brinkmanship- The United States should be willing to go to the verge of war and use this as a threat to achieve what we want overseas. Eisenhower Doctrine- The policy of the U.S. will be to safeguard the independence of any country or group of countries in the Middle East requesting aid against [Communist-inspired] aggression. (1957) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- (1949) Warsaw Pact- (1955)
Scenario One: In 1947, rebel groups in Greece begin a civil war against the current government. Russia provides the rebels with weapons, while Great Britain arms the existing government, a dictatorship. Great Britain, feeling overwhelmed, asks the United States to help out • Pick one of the following five actions to take and write a summary of the scenario and your decision in your notebook; • Refuse to get involved • Help by sending money to Great Britain and/or Greece. • Help by sending arms to the Greek dictator • Help by sending air and/or ground troops to fight with the dictator • Make your own solution • For each Decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario Two: In 1956, Hungarians rebelled against Russia’s control of their country. They are protesting in the streets that they want more freedom. The Soviet Union reacts by sending tanks into Hungary to stop the rebellion. The Hungarians are not nearly as strong as the Russians and their only hope for more freedom is if an outside country gets involved. • Do you: • Refuse to get involved • Help by sending money to Hungary • Help by sending arms to Hungary • Help by sending air and/or ground troops to fight the Russians • Make up your own solution • For each decision answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario One: After World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control and divided into 2 countries: North and South Korea. North Korea was controlled by Russia, and South Korea was controlled by a right-wing dictatorship. In 1950, North Korea attempted to reunite the country by invading South Korea. • Do you: • Refuse to get involved • Send money to help South Korea • Send air and/or ground troops to help South Korea fight against North Korea • None of these suggestions works, I would rather do: • For each decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario Two: After World War II, A Vietnamese leader named Ho Chi Minh writes to President Truman and asks for the US to help him and his people fight against France for their freedom. Truman does not respond. Later, President Eisenhower sends money to help Frances in its fight against Ho Chi Minh. In 1954 the Vietnamese finally succeed in driving the French out of their country after a stunning victory at Diem Bien Phu. At the peace treaty it is agreed that Vietnam will be divided into the North (communist) and the South (democratic). The North believes that this division is temporary and that they will reunite with the South, but France and the US assume that this division is permanent.
Do you: • Leave Vietnam to its own future • Leave US soldiers in Vietnam to help the South get started as a government • Help the South build up a military so it can take over the North. • None of these suggestions works, I would rather do: • For each division, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario One: In Cuba, a local guerilla righter, Fidel Castro, was fighting to create a government that represented the needs of the working people. The current dictator, Batista, was unpopular with everyone and had connections to organized crime in America. In 1958, Castro succeeds and Batista flees the country. Castro seizes American property in Cuba and begins accepting financial and military aid from the Soviet Union.
Do you: • Refuse to get involved • Cut off diplomatic ties with the country. • Send money and weapons to armed rebels who will try and overthrow Castro. • Use American troops to invade Cuba. • None of these suggestions works, I would rather do: • For each decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario Two: American companies have been located in Latin America for over a hundred years. During the 1920s, the US had stopped a revolution by the people in Nicaragua and Honduras that would have thrown out the dictators who helped out American businesses. High rates of poverty are leading to new groups of people in these countries suggesting that they try communism.
Do you: • Refuse to get involved in the internal affairs of a country. • Send money and weapons to the people who oppose the communists. • Form an alliance with the existing governments that says you will all work together to resist takeover • None of these suggestion works, I would rather do: • For each decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario One: In 1948, Jewish people create the new nation of Israel, a democracy. Neighboring Arab nations and Arabs native to Israel, known as Palestinians immediately oppose the formation of the country and declare war. The U.S. decides to back Israel in this war but then worries that the Arab nations will seek support from the Soviet Union.
Do you: • Continue to support Israel whenever it fights the Arabs • Try to also form alliances with the Arabs without losing the alliance with Israel • Pull out of your alliance with Israel in order to keep the Cold War from spreading to the Middle East. • Try to get a peace agreement between the countries so as to keep the Russians out of Middle East. • None of these suggestions works, I would rather do: • For each decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
Scenario Two: In 1956, the Egyptian leader, Nasser, seizes control of the Suez Canal, which is located in Egypt but owned by Great Britain. The Suez Canal is of amazing strategic value since it allows ships to go from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, thereby sailing from Europe to Asia without having to go around Africa. Great Britain and France declare war and fight Egypt. Nasser gets support from the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union threatens “dangerous consequences”(nukes??) if the war continues.
Do you: • Continue to stay uninvolved in the war and let Great Britain, Egypt and the Soviet Union solve it. • Convince Great Britain and France to surrender to Egypt and give up the Suez Canal. • Get involved, risk going to the brink of nuclear war in order to get the Russians to back down. • None of these suggestions works, I would rather do: • For each decision, answer the following: • Why did you make this decision? • Which of the policies or agreements are you employing in your decision? • How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union? • What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?
