1 / 27

Partydop (Hvordan oppdage misbrukeren – og hvilke forholdsregler kan vi ta) Dag Jacobsen MD, PhD, FAACT Director & P

Partydop (Hvordan oppdage misbrukeren – og hvilke forholdsregler kan vi ta) Dag Jacobsen MD, PhD, FAACT Director & Professor - Department of Acute Medicine Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo. Diagnostikk. In urino veritas… Bjørnaas et al 2006. Kunnskap om partydop Virkninger

miroslav
Download Presentation

Partydop (Hvordan oppdage misbrukeren – og hvilke forholdsregler kan vi ta) Dag Jacobsen MD, PhD, FAACT Director & P

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Partydop (Hvordan oppdage misbrukeren – og hvilke forholdsregler kan vi ta) Dag Jacobsen MD, PhD, FAACT Director & Professor - Department of Acute Medicine Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo

  2. Diagnostikk....

  3. In urino veritas… Bjørnaas et al 2006. Kunnskap om partydop Virkninger Behandling av komplikasjoner Forholdsregler……

  4. HVA ER PARTYDOP? • Amfetaminer • GHB • Ecstasy • Kokain • ”Designer drugs” • Andre

  5. Methemoglobinemia HbFe++ HbFe+++ • Isobutyl nitrite (abuse) • Amyl nitrite (’Poppers’) • Dapsone • Others Methylene blue reduces MetHb back to OxyHb; repeated injections often necessary DJ/02

  6. Narkotika & Motedop • Narkotikahandel: 3. største budsjett i verden • Største industri etter bilindustrien – ’tax-free’ • Nyere drogekultur • Internasjonal • Multimedial (Internett) • Ny sosial status (’knarker’ vs. ’partydoper’) • Peroralt misbruk - ikke IV • Trussel mot ungdomshelsen

  7. Amfetaminer • Generell sympatikomimetisk effekt • Tachycardi & tachyarytmier • Økt BT, særlig systolisk • Andre sammensatte effekter • Generell vasokonstriksjon • Aktivering av trombocytter (økt klebrighet) • Myocardial iskemi & arytmier • Intrakraniell blødning J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 36: 390-5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 290: 136-45

  8. Ecstasy - navn • XTC • Love and kissing pills • Adam • Eve • Eden • ”E” • ”X”

  9. Ecstasy - MDMA • ’Complex drug with many actions’ • Blokkerer reopptak av dopamin og serotonin i synapser i CNS • Hemmer produksjonen av serotonin • Stimulerer sympaticus • The three Es: • Energi • Empati • Eufori

  10. Ecstasy - MDMA • Clinical syndrome is a combination of pharmacology, exhaustion & hyperthermia • Focus on: • External cooling (ice & water) • Rhabdomyolysis & renal failure • Hyponatremia & brain edema • DIC & bleeding • Cardiac complications less pronounced

  11. ECSTASY- MEKANISMER Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 1998; 28: 4384-7.

  12. Ecstasy – psykiske senvirkninger • Senker serotoninnivået i CNS • www.drugabuse.gov • Personlighetsendringer • Schizofrene trekk • Kognitiv dysfunksjon • Læreproblemer • Nedsatt oppmerksomhet • Nedsatt hukommelse

  13. Ecstasy - Pasient • K16, tok 2 tabl E på houseparty; danset i timer uten pause, segner om med kramper • Comatøs, kramper, 41.8 C, respirator • Saltmangel (Na 112; K 6.8), metabolsk acidose • Rhabdomyolyse og nyresvikt • Arytmier og leverskade • Etter hvert massive blødninger pga. DIC • Mors 16 timer etter innleggelse

  14. Cardiac arrest Oslo Airport • Healthy male 24yrs • VF when passing through customs • Resuscitated – recurrent tachyarrhythmias & VF • No permanent ROSC • Diagnosis?

  15. Body packers • Tas i rutinekontroller på flyplasser • Oppdages underveis – in flight… • Klinisk debut • Hjertestans pga ruptur; vanlig før - sjelden nå • Dårlig prognose ved kokain; bedre ved heroin • Obstruksjon - ileus Aksnes & Jacobsen. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004; 124:1772-3

  16. O C H C O 3 O C N C H 3 O Cocaine

  17. Kokain - virkningsmekanisme • Hemmer Na+-kanaler (membran-stabiliserende) • Hemmer ledningsevne i nervefibre – lokalanestesi • Kinidin-liknende (Na-blokkerende) effekt i hjertet; breddeforøket QRS og redusert kontraktilitet • I høye doser også effekt i de medullære sentra • Hemmer opptak av monoaminer (NA, dopamine, serotonin & eksitatoriske monoaminer) i synapser • HT, takykardi, diaforese, mydriasis & hypertermi • Andre, sammensatte effekter , rhabdomyolyse

  18. Cocaine – cardiotoxicity • 25% of AMIs in 18-45yrs associated with recreational cocaine abuse • Acute coronary syndromes due to: • Coronary vasoconstriction • Intracoronary thrombosis • Accelerated atherosclerosis (19 vs. 0.5 %) • Increased myocardial oxygen demand • If AMI, most often non-Q, therefore: • Less arrhythmias & cardiac failure • EF often close to normal; most often open arteries. Am Heart J 2001; 142: 402-10. Angiology 2001; 52: 299-304.

  19. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines

  20. Cocaine overdose - treatment • BZD are ’drugs of choice’ • Break the vicious cycle of cocaine toxicity, augment adenosine-induced vasodilation, stim BZD receptors • External cooling (max 15 min at >42C) • Phentolamine against persistant HT & vasospasms • Avoid beta-blockers: excess alpha-stim may cause hypertensive crises • BP 200/120, P 124/min - BP 230/180, P 88/min • If Na-channel blockade: Give hypertonic NaHCO3

  21. M 21 – Chest pain • Recreational abuser of coke & amphetamine • ECG: ischemia & ST elevation • ACA: vasospasms of LAD & CX, but no occlusion; EF < 40% • Treatment with diazepam, aspirin & NG • Non-Q AMI; EF 50% at discharge

  22. GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) • Developed as an anestetic & used in narcolepsy (Xyrem) • Neurotransmittor or neuromodulator? • Dopaminergic effect on CNS. • Easily made by mixing gamma-butyrolactone, KOH & NaOH: • 135 g (125mL) GBL • 2.63 g NaOH • 93 g KOH • Rapid metabolism to CO2 & H2O; half-life 30 min • Euphoria, better sex, feeling ’high’ • In overdose: Coma, respiratory depression & bradyarrhythmias (of all types)

  23. GHB – gamma-hydroxybyturate –19 cases treated in MICU • Respiratory depression: 19 (9 on ventilator) • Bradyarrhythmias: 19 (atropine in 6) • Coma: 19 • Aspiration pneumonia: 6 • No deaths in this series of patients

  24. GHB - Pasient • K18; på by’n med veninner • Plutselig fjern & rar, synkoperer, amb til sykehus • Intuberes, respirator 4 timer, extuberer seg selv, aspirasjon med aspirasjonspneumoni • Bradyarytmi i 5 timer (26/min) • Etanol 0.3 promille, toxisk GHB-kons. • ’Date rape drug’

  25. Conclusion – ”party dopes” • Cardiac complications are one of the most common complications to ”modern” drug abuse & ”party-dopes” • Most significant are the acute coronary syndromes & dysrhythmias associated with amphetamine & cocaine abuse • Although commonly seen, the bradyarrhythmias associated with GHB-abuse are less severe and usually need no specific treatment

More Related