Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment

1. Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment History of Flight Revision 1.00

2. Heavier-Than-Air Craft

3. Map Reading Learning Outcome 2: Have an appreciation of the history and application of heavier-than-air craft

4. Objectives • Describe the evolution of manned flight from kites to gliders to powered aircraft. 2. Explain why kites fly.

5. Heavier-Than-Air Craft 1000BC Kites flown in China

6. Newton’s First Law Every body continues in its state of rest or steady motion in a straight line unless the forces on it do not balance.

7. Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

8. Airflow Deflected How a Kite Flies Lift Total Reaction Drag Tension in String

9. Total Reaction Low Pressure Airflow Deflected (Higher Pressure) How a Modern Kite Flies Lift Drag Tension in String

10. Free Flight 1804 First Model Glider this lead to the Glider Above. Sir George Cayley 27 Dec 1773 – 15 Dec 1857

11. Lack of Power John Stringfellow 1799 - 1883

12. Lack of Power Otto Lilienthal 23 May 1848 – 9 Aug 1896 Died in a flying accident.

13. Engines The ‘Otto’ Cycle Gottlieb Daimler 17 Mar 1834 – 6 Mar 1900

14. Controlled Flight The Wright Brothers 17 Dec 1903 Orville Wright 19 Aug 1871 – 30 Jan 1948 Wilbur Wright 16 Apr 1867 – 30 May 1912

15. Controlled Flight Louis Bleriot 1 Jul 1872 – 2 Aug 1936

16. Man- Powered Flight

17. Man- Powered Flight Dr Paul McCready 25 Sep 1925 – 28 Aug 2007 Bryan Allen

18. Present Day

19. Present Day Boeing 787 Dreamliner Airbus A380

20. Timeline Design for Flying Machines Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519 Model Gliders & Man-Carrying Sir George Cayley 1773 - 1857 Steam Powered Aircraft John Stringfellow 1799 - 1883 Hang Gliders Otto Lilienthal 1848 - 1896 First Powered Flight Wright Brothers 17 Dec 1903 First Channel Crossing Louis Bleriot 25 Jul 1909 World War 1 Fighters & Bombers 1914 - 1918

21. Timeline Development of Light Aviation – Civil Airliners Schneider Trophy, Gliders in Germany, Monoplane Fighters & Bombers 1919 - 1939 WORLD War 2 - High Powered Fighters and Heavy Bombers Early Jet Fighters, Rocket Fighters in Germany, Swept Wings in Germany, Early Jet Reconnaissance Aircraft and Bombers in Germany, Long Range Rockets in Germany, The Atomic Bomb. 1939 - 1945 Present Civil Airliners, Supersonic Fighters and Bombers Swing Wings – High Performance Gliders, Man Powered Flight, Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, Space Travel, Cruise Missiles, Unmanned Aircraft. 1945 - Present ?

22. ANY QUESTIONS?

23. Objectives • Describe the evolution of manned flight from kites to gliders to powered aircraft. 2. Explain why kites fly.

24. Questions • Who is thought to have produced the first Model Glider • in 1804? • Wright Brothers. • Sir George Cayley. • Louis Bleriot. • John Stringfellow.

25. Questions • Otto Lilienthal is known for? • Building controllable Gliders, considered to be the • forerunner of the modern hang glider. • Developing the world’s first single cylinder internal • combustion engine. • c. Flying non-stop from London to Paris for the first time. • Building the first heavier-than-air powered aircraft • large enough to carry a man.

26. Questions • Who was the first person to fly a powered aircraft • across the English Channel? • Orville Wright. • Bryan Allen. • Wilbur Wright. • Louis Bleriot.

27. Questions • The aircraft that won the £50,000 Kremer prize was called? • Gossamer Condor. • Wright’s Flyer. • Gossamer Albatross. • McCready’s Flyer.