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Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China

Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China. Haiyan Zhu Yu Xie University of Michigan. Background. Well documented inverse relationship: Higher SES Lower mortality However, magnitude varies by age.

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Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China

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  1. Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality among the Oldest Old in China Haiyan Zhu Yu Xie University of Michigan

  2. Background • Well documented inverse relationship: Higher SES Lower mortality • However, magnitude varies by age

  3. Yu Xie (1994). “Log-multipliticative Models for Discrete Time, Discrete Covariate Event-History Data”

  4. SES differentials in mortality diminish with age (Convergence hypothesis)? • The oldest old are detached from economic activities and thus immune from some causal mechanisms (e.g., job hazards, work stress) • Biological determinants, rather than social determinants, play a predominant role • The oldest old are a select group with respect to unobserved health traits

  5. Research Questions: • Does SES still affect mortality among the oldest old Chinese? • Do SES differentials in mortality disappear beyond an old age (e.g., 80, 90, or 100)?

  6. Importance • Previous studies have not specifically studied these questions • This study focuses on these questions using a sample of oldest old in China

  7. Data and Measures • The Chinese Healthy Longevity Survey:1998 and 2000 cohort data • SES: composite of education and urbanity • Illiterate, rural • Illiterate, urban • Literate, rural • Literate, urban • Covariates: age, sex, ethnicity, region, self-rated health, ADL, and “time-interval” • “time-interval”: time since the first interview

  8. Analyses • Three alternative target populations 80 and older, 90 and older, and 100 and older • Logit, discrete time analysis

  9. Descriptive Statistics Table 1 Distribution of SES and Mortality by SES, female Note: numbers are unweighted; percentages are weighted.

  10. Descriptive Statistics (Continued) Table 2. Distribution of SES and Mortality by SES, male Note: numbers are unweighted; percentages are weighted.

  11. Results Table 3. Effects of SES on Mortality (controlling ethnicity and region) * p<.05; ** p<.01; *** p<.001

  12. Results (Continued) Table 4. Effects of SES on Mortality (controlling health, ethnicity and region)  P<0.1; * p<.05; ** p<.01; *** p<.001

  13. time1 time2 time3 1st cohort 80 81 82 2nd cohort 81 82 83 3rd cohort 82 83 84

  14. Summary • SES differentials in mortality persist, using all three operationalizations of “old age” • Convergence was not supported • Future studies

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