Natural Resources Conservation and Management

1. Natural Resources Conservation and Management Past, Present, and Future Lecture #3 MS LC Fort High School

2. The Third Wave (1960-1980) • Conservation movement took off • Environmental movement found it’s feet • Books and essays spurred action • Earth Day was born! • Congress responded to citizens with laws • EPA was established

3. Influential Books/Essays from the 60’s Paul Rachel Garret Erhlich Carson Hardin

4. Earth Day April 22 Gaylord Nelson (from WI!) founded this great teach in day in 1970 to halt the accelerated pollution and destruction of the environment.

5. Decade of the Environment 1970-1980 Congress in response to many upset citizens (fear and power people, don’t’ forget it!) Made many new laws to protect our resources!

6. Air Quality Laws • Clear Air Act 1970 • Clear Air Act 1977 • Clear Air Act 1990 Setting standards for air pollution Hoping to improve quality of life for citizens

7. Control of Noise Laws • Noise control Act of 1972 • Quiet Communities Act of 1978 Improve quality of life for people by reducing stress of listening to industrial noises in residential areas

8. Control of Toxic Substances Solid Waste Disposal Act 1976 Resources Conservation and Recovery Act 1976 • Protecting human health and the environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal. • Conserving energy and natural resources. • Reducing the amount of waste generated. • Ensuring that wastes are managed in an environmentally-sound manner.

9. Energy Laws National Energy Act of 1978 (1973 energy crisis) Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act Energy Tax Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act Natural Gas Policy Act

10. Land Use Laws National Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 • This Act establishes an extensive federal grant program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management programs. • The Act also establishes a national estuarine reserve system.

11. Land Use Laws Forest Reserves Management Act of 1974, 1976 In developing, maintaining, and revising plans for units of the National Forest System, ... the Secretary [of Agriculture] shall assure that such plans ... provide for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services obtained therefrom ... and, in particular, include coordination of outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, wildlife and fish, and wilderness.

12. Land Use Laws • Congress recognized the value of the public lands, declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership. • Congress used the term "multiple use" management, defined as "management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people." Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976

13. Land Use Laws National Forest Management Act of 1976 • Called for the management of renewable resources on national forest lands. • The 1976 legislation reorganized and expanded the 1974 Act, requiring the Secretary of Agriculture to assess forest lands, and develop and implement a resource management plan for each unit of the National Forest System.

14. Land Use Laws Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 • SMCRA created two programs: • one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands. • SMCRA also created the Office of Surface Mining, an agency within the Department of the Interior, to promulgate regulations, to fund state regulatory and reclamation efforts, and to ensure consistency among state regulatory programs.

15. Land Use Laws Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978 • Declaring it "in the national interest," this Congressional action also came in response to an increasingly critical view of Forest Service inventories and management of unprotected wildlands. • the Endangered American Wilderness Act stated, "[these] areas are lands not being adequately protected or fully studied for wilderness suitability by the agency responsible for their administration." • In all, the Act added 13 new wilderness areas and expanded four others in ten western states for a total addition of 1.3 million acres of national forest lands to the National Wilderness Preservation System.

16. Water Quality Laws Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 • stipulated broad national objectives to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

17. Water Quality Laws Safe Drinking Water Act of 1972 • established to protect the quality of drinking water in the U.S. This law focuses on all waters actually or potentially designed for drinking use, whether from above ground or underground sources

18. Water Quality Laws Clean Water Act of 1977 This act reorganized the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 and added a major new program to control toxic pollutants.

19. Water QualityLaws Ocean Dumping Act of 1972 It brought under EPA regulation and license the dumping of sewage sludge, industrial waste, biological agents, medical waste, NBC, and radioactive waste, into the territorial waters of the United States

20. Wildlife Laws Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Control Act of 1972 • The 1972 amendments established, a program for controlling the sale, distribution, and application of pesticides through an administrative registration process. • authorized experimental use permits and provided for administrative review of registered pesticides and for penalties for violations of the statute. • States were authorized to regulate the sale or use of any pesticide within a state, provided that such regulation does not permit any sale or use prohibited by the Act.

21. Wildlife Laws Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 • prohibits the dumping of material into the ocean that would unreasonably degrade or endanger human health or the marine environment.

22. Wildlife Laws Endangered Species Act of 1973 • authorizes the determination and listing of species as endangered and threatened; • prohibits unauthorized taking, possession, sale, and transport of endangered species; • provides authority to acquire land for the conservation of listed species, using land and water conservation funds; • authorizes establishment of cooperative agreements and grants-in-aid to States that establish and maintain active and adequate programs for endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; • authorizes the assessment of civil and criminal penalties for violating the Act or regulations; and • authorizes the payment of rewards to anyone furnishing information leading to arrest and conviction for any violation of the Act or any regulation issued thereunder.