1 / 12

专业英语

English for Special Purpose. 专业英语. Lecturer : Mr. Lü Hongming. Tel : 0515-3127908 Email: lhmyg@sina.com. 第一篇 专业英语基础. 第 2 章 专业文献的翻译. 2.1 概论. 1. 翻译的定义和目的 翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来,翻译的目的是使译文的读者能得到原作者所表达的思想,得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。翻译涉及到两种语言,而不同的语言名有不同的表达方式,所以翻译决不是从一种语言到一种语言的简单转换,它要求译者进行创造性的实践活动。.

Download Presentation

专业英语

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. English for Special Purpose 专业英语 Lecturer:Mr. Lü Hongming Tel:0515-3127908 Email: lhmyg@sina.com

  2. 第一篇 专业英语基础 第2章 专业文献的翻译 2.1 概论 1. 翻译的定义和目的 翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来,翻译的目的是使译文的读者能得到原作者所表达的思想,得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。翻译涉及到两种语言,而不同的语言名有不同的表达方式,所以翻译决不是从一种语言到一种语言的简单转换,它要求译者进行创造性的实践活动。

  3. 2. 翻译的标准 翻译标准是翻译实践的准则和衡量译文好坏的尺度。翻译标准有三条: (1)准确明白。“准确”,就是说译文要准确无误地表达原文含义,不得有错。“明白”,即要求译文不仅要忠实于原文,而且应清楚明白地转达原文的意思,没有模糊不清之处。为此,必须正确理解原文,使译文不产生歧义。 (2)通顺严密。“通顺”,是指译文符合汉语的语法要求、修辞规则和通常习惯,使读者易看易懂易速。“严密”,是说译文语言既要通畅又应严密,不要因为通顺而牺牲了原文的严密性。要达到此目的,译文的选词造句要符合汉语要求;译句中的词语之间,译文的译句之间要有呼应和关联,要逻辑清楚,层次分明,语气连贯,恰当地体现出原文的时态、语态和语气。 (3)简练全面。“简练”,就是译文要简洁、精练,没有冗词赘语,不重复罗嗦。“全面”,是说译文不但要尽可能简练还应该力求全而,不能因简练而造成遗漏。这就要求翻译时在完全包容原文一切含义的前提下不受原文结构的限制,利用适当的技巧进行翻译,从而使译文简洁、精练、全面。

  4. 例1:Although the oil spills have happened repeatedly in the past, significant public concern does not appear to have been aroused until the Torrey Canyon tanker disaster occurred in March 1967. 例2:In the case of carbon burning in an oxygen bearing atmosphere, diffusion of oxygen to the carbon interfacemust occur before oxidation of carbon can take place. 例3:A major simplification in the refrigeration plant is achieved by dispensing with an expansion machine and using a simple throttle valve to obtain the reduction in pressure.

  5. 例4:In the early days, for pressure measurement, spatial resolutions as well as vibration isolation were significant problems; however, presently the availability of highly sensitive miniature pressure transducers with acceleration have made the measurement task simpler and more reliable.

  6. 3. 翻译的过程 (1)理解阶段。理解阶段的主要环节是辩明词义和语法关系,即正确判断英语句子中的语言现象,分析各个句子成分的逻辑关系和句子的语法结构,弄清词、词组、短语、从句的确切含义和句子所叙述的专业内容,并把前后句子贯串起来理解,形成对原文的完整印象,真正掌握原文的内容和实质。 (2)表达阶段。表达阶段就是在理解的基础上,以忠实于原意为前提,灵活地运用各种适当的翻译方法和技巧,写出符合汉语规范、表达习惯以及翻译标准的译文。 (3)校核阶段。校核阶段处理解与表达的进一步深化,是对原文内容进一步核实,对译文语言进一步推敲,使译文符合标准规范。校核通常有以下三个步骤: ①初校:着重校核内容,在初稿译出后,对照原文进行校核,看有没有漏译或错译之处。 ②复校:脱离原文,着重润饰文字,看译文是否符合译语的习惯表达法,是否符合译语规范,是否通顺。 ③定稿:是在初校和复校的基础广,再次对照原文,进行一次仔细认真的校核,如果所有的问题均已解决,译文才能定稿。

  7. 2.2 英汉语言的对比 1. 词法的对比 1)词义的对应关系 英语中的词和汉语中的词的词义范围大都只是部分对等,全部对等的词很少,一般只有专有名词和科技术语才有可能(如ratio, temperature, velocity) 。 例:Vehicle——交通工具,车辆,媒介物,传达手段等 ——any kind of contrivance, on wheels or runners, used to carry people from one place to another over land (e.g. a carriage, a bicycle, a sleigh, etc.) a means of transmission. 例句: Matter is the vehicle of energy. A news paper is a powerful propaganda vehicle.

  8. 2)词序的差异 汉语是分析性语言,依靠词序表示各成分之间的关系,词序是严格的,而英语助词序比较灵活。英语和汉语的句子中主语、谓语、宾语和表语的词序大体一致,但是定语和状语的位置有时相同,有时不同。在翻译的应该注意汉语的习惯。 3)定语的位置 英语中可作定语的有单词、短语和定语从句,以单词作定语一般前置,以短语和从句作定语一般后置。汉语的定语一般都在被修饰词之前。 例:Bronze is a very useful metal. There are two types of heat treatment applicable to aluminum alloys. Materials with two micropores of <2nm diameter can absorb quite large amount of natural gas.

  9. 4)状语的位置 汉语中状语—般是前置,而英语中状语可前置也可后置。 When ignited, the exothermic reaction reaches the welding temperature within a few seconds. In operation the temperature of the rotor, the surrounding case and the liquid inside remains in equilibrium as the process temperature changes.

  10. 2. 句法的对比 1)句子结构转换 (1)英语简单句转换成汉语复合句。 (2)英语复合句转换成汉语简单句。 (3)英语复合句转换成汉语复合句。 (4)英语被动结构转换成汉语主动结构,或英语主动结构转换成汉语被动结构。 (5)英语倒装句转换成汉语正常句序。

  11. 例: The WP valve ensures a smooth, laminar airflow over its surface, allowing more air into the engine. Surface ships operate at the interface between two media of differing density (water and air), and are therefore subject to the interaction between them-determination of the most suitable shape is therefore a complex matter for which there is no comprehensive theory. Much of the pollution caused by cars happens when they change speed. A plug-and-play version of the valve, in which electrical and pneumatic connections are achieved by simply sliding the valve into position and locking it, will be seen next year. Then comes the analysis (or computation) of internal forces.

  12. 2)主句和从句的顺序 英语的复合句中表示时间和因果关系的从句的位置比较灵活,但是汉语的表达习惯是按时间顺序叙述,先发生的事件先说,后发生的事件后说,谈到因果关系时,先说明原因,后叙述结果。因此在翻译有时间和因果关系的复合句时,要注意按照汉语的习惯表达。 Although metals are crystalline solids, this is not immediately apparent when they are examined under a microscope. Residual tensile stress develops in such local, compressively deformed metal because the adjacent sound metal does not suffer such plastic deformations.

More Related