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The Americans, Chapter 18

The Americans, Chapter 18 . The Beginnings of the Cold War. During WWII, the US and the Soviet Union were Allies. The US and Soviet Union didn’t trust each other.

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The Americans, Chapter 18

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  1. The Americans, Chapter 18

  2. The Beginnings of the Cold War • During WWII, the US and the Soviet Union were Allies. • The US and Soviet Union didn’t trust each other. • President Truman thought that the Soviets had started the Cold War by making false promises, vowing to allow free elections in the Eastern European countries the USSR had occupied.

  3. The Aftermath of WWII • The Soviet Union did NOT pull its troops out of these Eastern European countries and communist governments were established in all of them. • Also, much of Eastern and Western Europe had to be rebuilt from the devastation of the war.

  4. Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe

  5. The Truman Doctrine • Because the Soviets had tried to take over Greece and Turkey, Truman told a joint-session of Congress . . . • “The United States [should] support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” • This became known as the “Truman Doctrine,” which would guide our early Cold War foreign policy.

  6. The Marshall Plan • Because of Western Europe’s economic problems after WWII, it was believed that they might be taken over by communism. • The US Congress passed the Marshall Plan. This plan would send $13 billion to Western European countries to help them rebuild, so that theier economies could resist the threat of communism.

  7. North Atlantic Treaty Organization • A defensive alliance was made between the U.S., Canada, and 10 Northern and Western European countries, commonly called NATO. This was another response to Communism.

  8. The Korean War • Communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. They were helped by China. • Truman asked the United Nations to stop this aggression.

  9. The Impact of the Korean War • In 1953, an armistice divided North and South Korea near the original border set before the war. • As a result of the Korean War Dwight Eisenhower was elected President.

  10. The Cold War at Home • The events in Eastern Europe, the fall of China to communism in 1949, and the Korean War helped increase Americans’ fears of a communist threat to the U.S. • The public assumed that there were communist spies throughout the U.S. • These fears were reinforced by the news media, popular literature, and the motion picture industry.

  11. The Rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy • In 1950, a young senator from Wisconsin grabbed the headlines by claiming to have a long list of the names of communists working in the U.S. State Department. • He unfairly accused some people of being communists.

  12. The Beginnings of the Space Race • In 1957, the Soviets sent a small satellite into space. It was named “Sputnik.” • This caught us by surprise because we were just planning to launch our first satellite. • In response, the Congress passed measures to improve U.S. education and to create our NASA space program. • The space race that followed is related to the arms race. Rockets can deliver missiles.

  13. The Cold War Continued . . . • The Cold War would continue to guide our foreign policy through the coming decades until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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