Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination

1. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Guidance for Program Development and Technical Assessment PART 2 – Municipal Employees WAY MS4 IDDE

2. MORNING SESSION Basics of illicit discharges Components of an effective IDDE program Auditing existing resources and programs Establishing responsibility and legal authority Desktop assessment of ID potential Preventing IDs Developing program goals and implementation strategies Implementation considerations AFTERNOON SESSION Basics of illicit discharges Components of an effective IDDE program Searching for ID problems in the field Isolating and fixing individual IDs IDDE program tracking and evaluation Outfall Recon Inventory Indicator monitoring Tracking discharges to source Techniques for fixing discharges Topics Covered WAY MS4 IDDE

3. 1) The Basics of Illicit Discharges • Important terminology and key concepts • The importance of illicit discharges in urban water quality • Regulatory background for illicit discharges • Experience gained in Phase I WAY MS4 IDDE

4. Important Terminology and Key Concepts Illicit discharges are defined as: • A storm drain that has measurable flow during dry weather containing pollutants and/or pathogens. • Each illicit discharge has a unique frequency, composition and mode of entry in the storm drain system. • Illicit discharges are frequently caused when the sewage disposal system interacts with the storm drain system. • Illicit discharges of other pollutants are produced from specific source areas and operations known as “generating sites.” WAY MS4 IDDE

5. The Importance of Illicit Discharges in Urban Water Quality WAY MS4 IDDE

6. Regulatory Background for Illicit Discharges WAY MS4 IDDE

7. Experience gained in Phase I WAY MS4 IDDE

8. 2) Components of an Effective IDDE Program • Go after continuous sewage discharges first • Put together an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental IDDE team • Educate everybody about illicit discharges • Understand your infrastructure • Walk all of your streams in the first permit cycle • Use GPS to create your outfall map • Understand your discharges before developing a monitoring plan • Consider establishing an ambient (in-stream) chemical and/or biological monitoring program WAY MS4 IDDE

9. Components of an Effective IDDE Program (cont.) 9) Utilize a simple outfall tracking system to organize all your IDDE data • Outsource some IDDE functions to local watershed groups • Utilize a hotline as an education and detection tool • Cross-train all local inspectors to recognize discharges and report them for enforcement • Target your precious storm water education dollars • Stress public health and safety benefits of sewage-free streams • Calibrate your program resources to the magnitude of the illicit discharge problem • Think of discharge prevention as a tool of watershed restoration WAY MS4 IDDE

10. 3) Searching for Illicit Discharge Problems in the Field • Overview of Searching for Illicit Discharge Problems in the Field • The Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) • Interpreting ORI Data • Design and Implementation of an Indicator Monitoring Strategy • Field and Lab Safety Considerations WAY MS4 IDDE

11. Overview of Searching for Illicit Discharge Problems in the Field • Purpose: Rapid field screening of outfalls in priority subwatersheds followed by indicator monitoring at suspect outfalls to characterize flow types and trace sources. • Method(s): The primary field screening tool is the Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) and a map. • Desired Product or Outcome(s): • An updated map of the locations of all outfalls within the MS4 • Incorporation ORI data into the outfall inventory/tracking system • Design and implementation of indicator monitoring strategy to test suspect outfalls • Creation of local pollution “fingerprint” library for discharge types • Evaluate significance and distribution of IDPs in the community WAY MS4 IDDE

12. The Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) WAY MS4 IDDE

13. Interpreting ORI Data WAY MS4 IDDE

14. Design and Implementation of an Indicator Monitoring Strategy WAY MS4 IDDE

15. Field and Lab Safety Considerations • Program managers should take into account and fully plan for all necessary field and laboratory safety precautions. • Most communities already have well established standard operating procedures they follow when conducting field and lab work, and these typically provide an excellent starting point for IDDE programs. WAY MS4 IDDE

16. 4) Isolating and Fixing Individual Illicit Discharges • Overview of Isolating and Fixing Individual Illicit Discharges • Isolating Illicit Discharges • Fixing Illicit Discharges WAY MS4 IDDE

17. Methods: Pollution reporting hotline Drainage area investigations Trunk investigations On-site discharge investigations Correction and enforcement Desired Products or Outcomes: Improved water quality Increased homeowner and business awareness about pollution prevention Maintenance of a tracking system to document repairs and identify repeat offenders Overview of Isolating and Fixing Individual Illicit Discharges WAY MS4 IDDE

18. Isolating Illicit Discharges • Illicit Discharge Investigations: • Storm drain network investigations • Drainage area investigations • On-site investigations • Septic system investigations WAY MS4 IDDE

19. Fixing Illicit Discharges WAY MS4 IDDE

20. 5) IDDE Program Tracking and Evaluation • Overview of Program Evaluation • IDDE Program Tracking • Evaluate the Program WAY MS4 IDDE

21. Overview of Program Evaluation • Purpose: • This last program component addresses the ongoing management of the IDDE program and reviews progress made in meeting the measurable program goals established earlier in the permit cycle. • Method(s): • The primary method is frequent maintenance and analysis of the IDDE tracking system developed as part of the program. • Desired Product or Outcome(s): • Updated tracking database and annual report with summary of progress to date, findings, recommendations for program revisions, and work plan (including milestones and goals) for the upcoming year. WAY MS4 IDDE

22. IDDE Program Tracking • Geospatial coordinates of each outfall location • The subwatershed and watershed address • Any supporting information about contributing land use • Diameter and physical characteristics of the outfall • Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) data • Any accompanying digital photos • Any follow-up monitoring at outfall or further up the pipe • Any hotline complaints logged and local response • Status and disposition of any enforcement actions • Maintenance and inspection data WAY MS4 IDDE

23. Evaluate the Program • Updated mapping to reflect outfalls located during ORI • Surveyed stream reaches with locations of obvious, suspect, and potential discharges, and locations of dumping sites • Indicator sampling results for specific streams, outfalls and storm drains • Frequency of hotline use and associated number of “hits” or confirmed illicit discharges • Costs for each of the eight program components (e.g., office, field, lab, education, enforcement, etc.) • Number of discharges corrected • Status and disposition of enforcement actions WAY MS4 IDDE

24. 6) The Outfall Reconnaissance Inventory (ORI) • Getting Started • Desktop Analysis to Support the ORI • Completing the ORI • Section 1- Background Data • Section 2- Outfall Description • Section 3- Quantitative Characterization for Flowing Outfalls • Section 4- Physical Indicators for Flowing Outfalls Only • Section 5- Physical Indicators for Both Flowing and Non-Flowing Outfalls • Section 6-8 Initial Outfall Designation and Actions • Customizing the ORI for Your Community • Interpreting ORI Data • Budgeting and Scoping the ORI WAY MS4 IDDE

25. Getting Started WAY MS4 IDDE

26. Desktop Analysis to Support the ORI • Survey reaches should be established above the confluence of streams and between road crossings that serve as a convenient access point. • Survey reaches should be defined at the transition between major changes in land use in the stream corridor (e.g. forested land to commercial area). • Survey reaches should generally be limited to a quarter mile or less in length. Survey reaches in lightly developed subwatersheds can be longer than those in more developed subwatersheds, particularly if uniform stream corridor conditions are expected throughout the survey reach. • Access through private or public property should be considered when delineating survey reaches as permission may be required. WAY MS4 IDDE

27. Completing the ORI WAY MS4 IDDE

28. ORI Section 1- Background Data WAY MS4 IDDE

29. ORI Section 2- Outfall Description WAY MS4 IDDE

30. ORI Section 3- Quantitative Characterization for Flowing Outfalls WAY MS4 IDDE

31. ORI Section 4- Physical Indicators for Flowing Outfalls Only WAY MS4 IDDE

32. ORI Sheet Section 5 - Physical Indicators for Both Flowing and Non-Flowing Outfalls WAY MS4 IDDE

33. ORI Section 6-8 Initial Outfall Designation and Actions WAY MS4 IDDE

34. Customizing the ORI for Your Community WAY MS4 IDDE

35. Interpreting ORI Data • Methods to compile, organize and interpret ORI data, including: • Basic Data Management and Quality Control • Outfall Classification • Simple Suspect Outfall Counts • Mapping ORI Data • Subwatershed and Reach Screening • Characterizing IDDE Problems at the Community Level WAY MS4 IDDE

36. Budgeting and Scoping the ORI WAY MS4 IDDE

37. 7) Indicator Monitoring • Indicator Parameters to Identify Illicit Discharges • Sample Collection Considerations • Methods to Analyze Indicator Samples • Techniques to Interpret Indicator Data • The Chemical Library • Special Monitoring Techniques for Intermittent or Transitory Discharges • Monitoring of Stream Quality During Dry Weather • The Costs of Indicator Monitoring WAY MS4 IDDE

38. Biological E. coli, enterococi, and total coliform Chemical Ammonia Boron Chlorine Fluoride Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Physical Color Conductivity Detergents Fluorescence Hardness pH Surface Tension Surfactants Turbidity Indicator Parameters to Identify Illicit Discharges WAY MS4 IDDE

39. Sample Collection Considerations WAY MS4 IDDE

40. Methods to Analyze Indicator Samples • In-field analysis • Office analysis • Laboratory analysis WAY MS4 IDDE

41. Techniques to Interpret Indicator Data • Methods of indicator parameters that may be used to confirm discharges and identify flow types: • Flow Chart Method (recommended) • Single Parameter Screening • Industrial Flow Benchmarks • Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMBM) WAY MS4 IDDE

42. The Chemical Library WAY MS4 IDDE

43. Special Monitoring Techniques for Intermittent or Transitory Discharges • Techniques for Monitoring Intermittent Discharges • Odd hours monitoring • Optical brightener monitoring traps • Caulk dams • Pool sampling • Toxicity monitoring • Transitory discharges, such as spills and illegal dumping, are primarily sampled to assign legal responsibility for enforcement actions or to reinforce ongoing pollution prevention education efforts. WAY MS4 IDDE

44. Monitoring of Stream Quality During Dry Weather WAY MS4 IDDE

45. The Costs of Indicator Monitoring WAY MS4 IDDE

46. 8) Tracking Discharges to A Source • Storm Drain Network Investigations • Drainage Area Investigations • On-site Investigations • Septic System Investigations • The Cost to Trace Discharge Sources WAY MS4 IDDE

47. Storm Drain Network Investigations • Option 1 : Move up the Trunk • Option 2: Split the storm drain network • Option 3: Move down the storm drain network WAY MS4 IDDE

48. Drainage Area Investigations • Rapid windshield survey • Detailed drainage area investigations WAY MS4 IDDE

49. On-site Investigations WAY MS4 IDDE

50. Septic System Investigations • On-Site Investigations • Homeowner survey • Surface conditions analysis • Detailed system inspection • Off-Site Investigations • Infrared imagery • Infrared thermography WAY MS4 IDDE