JOINT MECHANICS AND JOINT INJURIES

1. JOINT MECHANICS AND JOINT INJURIES

2. Joint Mechanics & Joint Injuries • _____ are the _______ (or __________) between ___ or more ___________ bones TYPES OF JOINTS • Fibrous: _______ tightly by ___________ tissue and ______ no ___________. i.e. ________ in the _______ (these become __________ after _______) • Cartilaginous: bone ___________ to another ______ by __________, and it has _________ ______________. i.e. ______________ discs

3. Synovial Joint: ______ surfaces are ____________ by __________ fluid and ___________. i.e. Shoulder, knee, ankle ___________ joint = ___________ ___________ moveable = _____________ ___________ moveable = _____________

4. Characteristics of a Synovial Joint • ______________ Cartilage: ________ on the ________ of _______ that ________ in _______with one _________; ________ ends of _________ and allows for ________ contact for __________ and acts as a __________ absorber • ___________: consists of ________ membrane (allows certain _________ to pass _______) and _________ capsule (keeps ________ fluid from ________) • ________ Cavity: located ___________ the ____ bony ___________ surfaces and is ______ with __________ fluid (___________) to reduce _________ and provide ___________ to cartilage

5. Characteristics of a Synovial Joint • _________: small _______ filled _____ found at _______ points between _________, ____________ and _________ • ____________ Ligaments: ______ bands of ________ tissue that help __________ and ___________ the joint __________ • ____________ Ligaments: ________ from the ______ capsule and ______ to _________ the ______ by _________ the ________ together

7. Types of Synovial Joints • _________ Connects ______ or _______ curved _____ surfaces. Examples include ______ in the ______ between the _______ and in the ____ (carpals)

8. 2. ______ Joints • Have a ________ portion of ____ bone _______into a ________ portion of another • Allows _________ in _____ plane • i.e. The ________ between the bones of the fingers _____, _____ or between ___ and __________

9. 3. ______ Joints • A ______ point of ____ bone fits into a ________ of another • This ________ allows ______ in one plane (___________) • i.e. The ______ between __and __– saying no

10. 4. ________ Joints • These _________ allow _______ in ____planes (_________) • i.e. _____ (____ and _____ with ______) or _____ joint (between ________ 2 and ________ phalanx 2)

11. 5. ________ Joints • These ________ allow _________ in ___planes (i.e. ________ and ________, _______ and _________), but do not allow _________. • i.e. The _______________ articulation of the _______

12. 6. ________________ Joints • The “_____” of one ______ fits into the “_________” of another ________ • This ____ allows _________ in ___axes (tri-axial) • i.e. ________ joint or ___ joint

13. Tissue Properties ________: attaches _____ or more _____ together and is made up of _____ bands of _____, fibrous ________ that allow some _____, but not as much as _________. They are known as ______ __________ and can increase _________ of ___________ to make the joint __________, but will _____ beyond their _______ threshold SPORTS INJURY TERMS

14. Tissue Properties cont’d... • _________: Attaches __________ to ______ and is ______ up of ______ white ______ of _________ protein known as __________. They are known as _________ stabilizers because they will _______ more than __________, but will also ______ beyond their _________ threshold • ___________: refers to the ________ of ______ a tissue has or __________

15. Both _________ and _________ are ________ and have their _________needs met through __________ • _______ and ______ are _______ with __________ needs ____ through _______ • the more _______ a _______ is, the _______ it will _____ from an _______ • ______ of _______ (ROM) – the _______ ability and _________ to _______ to allow ________around the ______ • it can be _______ by ______ condition, proper _______, _______ and effort to _________ strength and __________.

16. Tears, Sprains and Pulls SPRAINS _______ to a ________ and/or its _____________ resulting in over ________; usually ________ in __________. • ____ load rate - bone _______ (pull bone away) • ____ load rate - ________ fails in mid. __________ Forced _______ motion about a ____; ______segment is often ________ while ________ segment is _________to move

17. Inversion vs. Eversion ankle sprains Inversion Sprains • The _______ is “________” while in plantar flexion. • aka “______ the ankle” or “______ ankle” • When ankle is _____ past ______ position upon “_______” on it joint is past its normal ________ = ankle sprain (affecting _______ ligaments)

18. Eversion Ankle Sprains • _________ sprains are _____ because of the _________ of deltoid ____________ • The ligament attaches to ________ malleolus to ______ bones of foot • Instead of _________ completely the __________ tears of tip of ______ malleolus • Pott’s fracture: most sever _______ injury (break of tip of _____ malleolus and a break of ______)

19. Severity of Sprains/Tears/Pulls • Immobilization: • When __________(9 weeks) the joint _______less ____ and therefore less stable to • ________ joint (a lot ________) • ___________ over time (lose 30%) of __________, but gains back only ___% over 1 year • With _________ increase ________ by ~ 10 %

20. Strains/Tendinitis • Damage to a ______________ unit due to _____________ (acute) or _______ (chronic) • ____________ of a __________ (tendinitis). • Acute: ______ event; _______ on-set Excessive ____ against some _________, results In:

21. Chronic: • too _____, too____, too ____; accumulating ________ • may be __________ by single ________ of over activity or may begin from _______ treated/__________ injury • Injury site is: • ________-bone junction • Tendon (___________) • _________ sheath (tenosynovitis) e.g. Swimmers, pitchers, assembly line etc • *** control these injuries with rest***

22. Dislocations and Separations • A __________ occurs when a _____ is _______ from its ________ location. Most common form is at the _____ joints. • __________ occur when _______ held _________ by fibrous ________ tear and ___________ from each other. e.g. _____________ (AC; aka: shoulder separation) and ______________ (SC)

23. Dislocations and Separations • 1. ___________ : partial dislocation • 2. ___________ : complete disolocation

24. Failure in Cartilage • 3 main ___ of ________: • _______ Cartilage : most __________ and is found at _____ of ____ and free _______ joints; ends of ____; in ____; larynx; _____ and bronchi • Fibrocartilage: is ______ very _______ tissue. _____ mainly between __________ of the spine • _______ cartilage: “_______ cartilage” found in ________ ear, _______ tubes of middle ___ and the __________ ________ is __________ and therefore _______ take ____ to _____

25. Causes of “torn” cartilage • _____ cause is _____. The ______ of ______from solid _____ by ____________action • 1. _________ (no ___________) • 2. __________ (____ material ______ by ____ one) – ________ or _______ synovial _______ Caused by: • _____ much _______ (but we need some) • ______________ rest • Surface ___________ • _____ causes further ______ concentrations (injury, wear, etc)

26. Injuries produce: SHARP • S________ – ________ over _______ • H______ – increased ____________ in area ________ • A_________ – _______ does not ________ _______ • R_____ – ___ might be red • P________ – to ____ or to _______

27. Non- life threatening Injury management The key is to control ____________, restore _______ and enhance _________ RICE : R____, I________, c______, e__________ Rest: means _________ the ________ that ______ it and stay _____ it until a _______ says it is okay For a ______ injury, _____use of the ______ part is okay _______ you can easily ________ the pain Immobilize: means _______ a ________ whenever there is an ______ to an ____ or a ____ and taking steps to ______ movement of the _______ limb

28. RICE cont’d….. Cold: means applying _____ to the ______ as soon as you can once the ______has been _________. The cold ________ the blood _______, reducing ___, ________ and _____ __ mins on __mins off Elevation: means ______ the _____ part if _______. Only _____ if it will not _____ or _____ more _____ to the _________. Helps to _______ ________ and makes it _______ for fluids to _____ away from the ______.