PENING

3. PENING low the Shofar 3 3 3

4. PENING Why do we blow the Shofar? Exodus 19:16 “On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and there was the sounding of a very loud SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.” Because this is the way G-D begins sacred assemblies 4 4 4

5. HEMA ISRAELHear oh Israel Shema Israel Adoni Elohaynu (Hear oh Israel the L-RD our G-D) Adoni Echad (The L-RD is one) 5 5 5 5

6. hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA? Because Messiah said it was the greatest Commandment Mark 12:28-29 28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the greatest commandment of all?” 29 And Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:” 6 6 6 6

7. e-nay Ma TovBehold how good - Psalm 133:1Am He-Nay Maw tove Behold how good Oo-maw nye—eem And how pleasant it is Shevet aw-heem For brothers to dwell Gum Yaw Hawd In unity 7 7

8. menCL 3A A-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-men Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Blessed be the Name, blessed be the Name Baw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-ach Blessed be the Name of Messiah 8 8

9. -Seh ShalomCL3 Play Em Em O-seh Shalom Beem rue-mawv Am D7 G Em Who yah-seh Shalom aw-lay-nu Am D7 G V'al kol Yees-raw-ale Em Am Em Bf7 Em B'-eem rue Eem rue Ah- main  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Em Am D7 G Ya-a-seh sha-lom Ya-a-seh sha-lom G Bf7 Em Shalom aw-lay-new V’al kol Yees-raw-ale Sing twice 2X 9 9

10. mazing GraceCL 2 A Has-doe Nah-tawn Ad Pa-had Lee-bee V’-has-doe Eht Faw-day Heh-eh-veer Mel-lech Hay V’kye-yahm Ah-dohn Oh-lahm V’-has-doe Eht Dar-kee Yah-eer Toe-dah L’Ale

11. ring our gifts to the altar We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise Unto the House of the LORD (2 X) And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with thanksgiving And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with joy

12. eview • What is the Talmud? • The Talmud is a collection of ancient Jewish writings some of which pre-date Yeshua. • It’s made up of two major components, the Mishna and the Gamara. • The Mishna can be the whole section that goes by that name or just one ruling.

13. eview • The Mishna is called the Oral “Law” but it was not designed to be law and never intended to be binding or dogmatic • The Orthodox Jews today believe it is Law and that is holds the same authority as the Torah.

14. eview • It was called the “Oral” Law because it was passed down from generation to generation orally. • Yeshua called the Mishna “The traditions of the Elders”.

15. eview • These traditions are “fences” around the Torah. • These “Fences” are expositions which were meant to give more detail in how to fulfill the Commandments.

16. eview • We have to remember that Yeshua Himself said “Do as the Pharisees say” • David Bivin echoes this when he says of the Mishna, • “Yeshua apparently attached great importance to the Mishna and it seems he considered it to be authoritative.”

17. eview • The Mishna is different today then it was 2,000 years ago but there are ways to find the older texts.

18. eview • This is a page of the Talmud

19. eview • The Gamara is a commentary on the Mishna • It dates long after Yeshua' s time. • From the Gamara we learn about the Jewish community through the centuries and at times excellent exegesis (interpretation) of Scripture

20. eview • the Talmud contains many of the teachings and discussions that were prevalent at the time of Yeshua. • We find debates between Hillel and Shammai with which Yeshua commented on in the Brit Hadasha.

21. eview • Yeshua even quotes from the Rabbis of the Mishna including Rabbi Hillel who He had a lot on common with

22. eview • If we remain ignorant of the Talmud, we remain ignorant of many of the references and concepts mentioned in the New Testament. • We learn more about the Temple, the Nazerite vow and many other pertinent subjects that are not covered in Scripture.

23. eview • The Talmud is not without it’s faults. There are inaccurate “facts” and even moral problems within this collection of writings. • That being said we will not throw out the baby with the bathwater as Christians have for centuries past.

24. his Class • Next in our introduction to the Talmud: in this class we’re going to look at a few things like: • Who are some of these Rabbis in the Talmud? • What does the word “Talmud” mean • What are the two Talmud's? • Who collected the various writings?

25. his Class • A Mishnaic example of a “fence” as well as both an Old Testament example AND a New Testament example of a “fence”

26. eet he abbis!Hillel • We learned a little about Rabbi Hillel (60 BC-10 AD) in our last class but let’s take a deeper look at who he was. • Rabbi Hillel founded the “House of Hillel School for the Tannaim” It was a Rabbinical Academy.

27. eet he abbis!Hillel • The Tannaim are the 1rst to 2nd century Rabbis of the Mishna (like Gamaliel, Akiva, Eliezer, Shammai and others). Destruction of the Temple

28. eet he abbis!Hillel • Now we have to be careful about what we read concerning Rabbi Hillel, there’s a lot of legend out there. But what we’ll cover tonight about him has been verified Phoenix

29. eet he abbis!Hillel • He came to Jerusalem from Babylonia when he was about 40 years old. This was just before Herod the Great took the throne. Herod the Great

30. eet he abbis!Hillel • He attended a Yeshiva (academy) there and paid for it while working as a laborer. • The Rabbis of the Talmud abhorred idleness • The great Rabbis even after they attained notoriety still worked at their professions.

31. eet he abbis!Hillel • Rabbi Hillel was a woodchopper right up until he became the head of the Sanhedrin. • Rabbi Joshua was a smith • Rabbi Yochanan was a shoemaker • Rabbi Yosi was a tanner (married?) • Rabbi Huna was a water drawer

32. eet he abbis!Hillel • Rabbi Karna was a wine smeller (he determined which wine could be stored and which had to be sold immediately

33. eet he abbis!Hillel • We also know that Rabbi Shaul (Paul) was a tent maker. This wasn’t unusual.

34. eet he abbis!Hillel • Hillel leaned much more heavily on Scriptural text then he did on the Traditions of the Elders as did Yeshua. • He was known as a man of noble character and disposition and spoke often of the worthwhileness of existence and love. (Shammai was more pessimistic)

35. eet he abbis!Hillel • Hillel was also more welcoming to proselytes. • He believed they didn’t even need to be circumcised before conversion.

36. eet he abbis!Hillel • His argument was that women only needed to be baptized in order to convert, so the same should be required of men. • After conversion yes he believed the men needed to be circumcised. Mikvah (Baptismal) at Qumran

37. eet he abbis!Gamaliel • Hillel was the grandfather of Rabbi Gamaliel, Paul’s Rabbi. • Let’s talk now about Rabbi Gamaliel (G-d’s reward in Hebrew) • Paul was very proud of the fact that he studied under Rabbi Gamaliel. • He says in Acts 22:3  Painting of Paul by Rembrandt

38. eet he abbis!Gamaliel • Acts 22:3  • Then Paul said: `I, indeed, am a man, a Jew, having been born in Tarsus of Cilicia, and brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, having been taught according to the exactitude of the law of the fathers, being zealous of God, as all ye are to-day. • Young's Literal Translation

39. eet he abbis!Gamaliel • He also saved the lives of Peter and some of the other apostles - “Thanks Gamaliel!”

40. eet he abbis!Gamaliel Acts 5 • 29Peter and the other apostles replied: "We must obey God rather than men! 30The God of our fathers raised Jesus from the dead—whom you had killed by hanging him on a tree. 31God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel. 32We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him." 33When they heard this, they were furious and wanted to put them to death. 34But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people, stood up in the Sanhedrin and ordered that the men be put outside for a little while. 35Then he addressed them: "Men of Israel, consider carefully what you intend to do to these men. 36Some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men rallied to him. He was killed, all his followers were dispersed, and it all came to nothing. 37After him, Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and led a band of people in revolt. He too was killed, and all his followers were scattered. 38Therefore, in the present case I advise you: Leave these men alone! Let them go! For if their purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. 39But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men; you will only find yourselves fighting against God."

41. eet he abbis!Gamaliel • Gamaliel is also called “Gamaliel the Elder” to differentiate him from his grandson, “Gamaliel the Younger” • So as we see he is respected by the people and there’s good argument that he was the leader of the Sanhedrin at that time

42. eet he abbis!Eliezer • Rabbi Eliezer • One of the most famous Rabbis in Judaism. • I believe he was Born Again • In fact he was arrested, brought before the courts and accused of being a “Christian”. • He denied it and said he was a Jew but he was then ostracized till the day he died.

43. eet he abbis!Eliezer • On his deathbed with his last breath he said: “I have always been true”. • He also echoed some of Yeshua’s teachings. For example: He wrote: The one who has bread in his basket today and says, ‘What will I eat tomorrow?’ behold, that one is of little faith.” Compare that too…

44. eet he abbis!Eliezer Mathew 6:25 25"Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more important than food, and the body more important than clothes?26Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they? NIV Bible

45. eet he abbis!Eliezer • Rabbi Eliezer was married to the sister of Gamaliel the Younger the grandson of Paul’s Rabbi Gamaliel. • R. Eliezer was a student of R. Johanan ben Zakkai the famous Rabbi who studied under Hillel. Although Eliezer was of the educational line of Hillel he had more in common with the teachings of Shammai. His expositions are more biblically based then with the Oral Traditions of Men

46. eet he abbis!Eliezer • He wrote some very interesting sayings…. • “Repent one day before you die” • When his disciples asked him how they could know where they were going to die, he said, “You can’t”. • He was also known for having a great memory. It was said of him that he was "a cemented cistern that loses not a drop“.

47. almud • Talmud (Tal-mood) can mean 2 different things in English. • It can mean “study” • It can mean “learn” • The root word is "lomed".

48. almud • We say in Hebrew “Any lomed evreet be ulpon” • “I study Hebrew in Hebrew School”

49. almud • “Talmudic” means something from the Talmud • A “Talmudist” is someone who is an expert in Talmud

50. wo almuds • First we have to know that there are two Talmuds. The Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud