Robert Crawford, MBA West Middle School

1. Part 2, Computing FundamentalsChapter 2, Understanding ComputersLesson 2-3, Group and Individual Computing Robert Crawford, MBA West Middle School

2. UNIT O BJECTIVES • Compare and contrast different kinds of computers used in organizations. • Compare and contrast different kinds of computes used by individuals. Essential Question How do the computers used by organizations and the computers used by individuals differ?

3. KEY TERMS • Desktop Computer • Handheld Computer • Mainframe • Netbook • Server • Smart Phone • Supercomputer • Tablet Computer

4. A Dizzying Variety • Computers come in sizes from the size of a wristwatch to the size of a large buildings. • Each size of computer is suited to different tasks

5. A Dizzying Variety • Computers come in sizes from the size of a wristwatch to the size of a large buildings. • Each size of computer is suited to different tasks • We will look at computers in two groups

6. A Dizzying Variety • Computers come in sizes from the size of a wristwatch to the size of a large buildings. • Each size of computer is suited to different tasks • We will look at computers in two groups • Those used by organizations • Those used by individuals

7. Computers for Organizations

8. Computers for Organizations • Companies and organizations use a full range of computers, from the largest to the smallest.

9. Computers for Organizations • Companies and organizations use a full range of computers, from the largest to the smallest. • Some applications will call for the largest, fastest, machines made • While other applications will call for small, portable computers

10. Computers for Organizations • Companies and organizations use a full range of computers, from the largest to the smallest. • Some applications will call for the largest, fastest, machines made • While other applications will call for small, portable computers • However, some computers are unique in that they are primarily used by companies and organizations.

11. Computers for Organizations • Companies and organizations use a full range of computers, from the largest to the smallest. • Some applications will call for the largest, fastest, machines made • While other applications will call for small, portable computers • However, some computers are unique in that they are primarily used by companies and organizations. • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Servers

12. Supercomputers • The largest and most powerful computers can process huge amounts of information quickly. • These large computers are called supercomputers Blue Mountain supercomputer facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2001. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_(supercomputer)

13. Supercomputers • The largest and most powerful computers can process huge amounts of information quickly. • These large computers are called supercomputers • Supercomputers are suitable for large and complex computing tasks, such as: • Forecasting the weather and • Detailed models of nuclear reactions • Typically a Supercomputer can perform calculations that would take years, on other high performance computers, in a matter of hours. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_(supercomputer)

14. Supercomputers • The largest and most powerful computers can process huge amounts of information quickly. • These large computers are called supercomputers • Supercomputers are not only the largest and most complex computers, they are also the most expensive (from $500K to over $60M) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_(supercomputer)

15. Supercomputers • The largest and most powerful computers can process huge amounts of information quickly. • These large computes are called supercomputers • Supercomputers are not only the largest and most complex computers, they are also the most expensive (from $500K to over $60M) • They are also extremely reliable and work with constant heavy workloads. • However, due to the high cost and maintenance requirements, few organizations have supercomputers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_(supercomputer)

16. Mainframes • Mainframes are another type of computer used, primarily, by government agencies and large organizations.

17. Mainframes • Mainframes are another type of computer used, primarily, by government agencies and large organizations. • The Mainframe allows many people to use the same secure data at the same time. • People access Mainframes using Terminals • Terminals provide access to a mainframe or mincomputer

18. Mainframes • Mainframes are another type of computer used, primarily, by government agencies and large organizations. • The Mainframe allows many people to use the same secure data at the same time. • Mainframes offer: • Data security • Data Reliability • Data Sharing

19. Minicomputers • Minicomputers are between the mainframe and the microcomputer. • In many cases they have replaced the mainframes

20. Minicomputers • Minicomputers are between the mainframe and the microcomputer. • In many cases they have replaced the mainframes • However, minicomputers typically have less: • Processing power • Reliability • Manufacturer Support Than Mainframes.

21. So far we have looked at large institutional computers • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Now we will look at servers • You will primarily interact with servers in your networking environments • With Supercomputers, Mainframes, and Minicomputers the bulk of the application resides on the host, not on the terminal. • In Client-Server environments the bulk of the application resides on the client (computer).

22. Servers • Most organizations connect their computers together in a network. • This allows them to share resources and information

23. Servers • Most organizations connect their computers together in a network. • This allows them to share resources and information • The server holds: • Data • Applications

24. Servers • Most organizations connect their computers together in a network. • This allows them to share resources and information • The server holds: • Data • Applications • Unlike mainframe and Minicomputer environments: • The clients also: • Hold information • Run programs

25. Servers • The server holds: • Data • Applications • Unlike mainframe and Minicomputer environments: • The clients also: • Hold information • Run programs • This can lead to • Increased cost • Security problems • Reliability problems

26. Computers for Individuals Most individuals do not need to procession power that large organizations do. They typically purchase one of four type of computers:

27. Workstations: • Workstations no longer look significantly different from regular microcomputers (Now would be a good time to define microcomputers : Microcomputers are typically small computers intended to support a single user.)

28. Workstations: • Workstations no longer look significantly different from regular microcomputers • However Workstations are typically more powerful and are used by: • Engineers • Architects • Designers • And other who work with large amounts of data.

29. Desktop computers • The computers that most people use to do everyday jobs, and at home, are desktop computers. These are often called personal computers, or PCs’. • The PC was the name of the first microcomputer sold by IBM.

30. Desktop computers • The computers that most people use to do everyday jobs, and at home, are desktop computers. These are often called personal computers, or PCs’. • The PC was the name of the first microcomputer sold by IBM. • IBM initially estimated that the total world wide demand for microcomputers would be about 600,000 units. • 76,600,000 microcomputers were sold in the first four months of 2014.

31. Portable Computers • Computes that can be easily moved include: • Laptop computers • Net books • Less powerful • Lighter • Smaller • Less expensive • Tablet Computers • Screen also serves as the primary source of manual input

32. Handheld computers • The smartphone is a handheld computer. • They were preceded by the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). • The PDA shared information with an individuals microcomputer through “syncing” (synchronizing). • In its initial days it was revolutionary because it allowed access to information on the computer while away from the computer.

33. Handheld computers • The smartphone is a handheld computer. • They were preceded by the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). • PDAs’ are still in use in many industrial environments; however, they have become much more specialized. • Specialized computer – a computer that has been made to perform a single, or small number of similar, task.

34. UNIT O BJECTIVES • Compare and contrast different kinds of computers used in organizations. • Name two types of computers used by organizations' • Identify two features of these computers. • Compare and contrast different kinds of computes used by individuals.

35. UNIT O BJECTIVES • Compare and contrast different kinds of computers used in organizations. • Compare and contrast different kinds of computes used by individuals. • Name two types of computers used by individuals' • Identify two features of these computers.

36. KEY TERMS • Desktop Computer • Handheld Computer • Mainframe • Netbook • Server • Smart Phone • Supercomputer • Tablet Computer