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Pharmacological Agents

Pharmacological Agents. What does NSAID’s stand for? What does anti-pyretic mean? What does OTC stand for? What is a brand name for acetaminophen? Who should you contact if you have a question about a pharmacological agent?. Terms. Analgesics - agents that relieves pain

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Pharmacological Agents

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  1. Pharmacological Agents • What does NSAID’s stand for? • What does anti-pyretic mean? • What does OTC stand for? • What is a brand name for acetaminophen? • Who should you contact if you have a question about a pharmacological agent?

  2. Terms • Analgesics- agents that relieves pain • Anti-pyretic- fever reducerAction- how medication works in the body • Dose- specific amount to take at one time or intervals; other information about what you can take medication with or without; take with food, take on full/empty stomach • Indication- symptoms of why you would take a medication

  3. Terms Continue • NSAID’s – Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs • Side Effects- things that could happen to your body while taking a medication • Warnings- cautions/red flags to look out for while taking a medication • Rx- prescription

  4. Analgesics • Anti-Inflammatory Action-reducing inflammation, pain and fever by “inhibiting chemicals in the body that produce tissue irritation and cause inflammation” • Indication- used to reduce pain, fever, inflammation caused by injury, headache, dental pain, flu, colds, menstrual cramps, and “itis” conditions. • Types- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), Ketoprofen (Orudis KT), Relafen, Naproxen, Naproxen Sodium (Aleve) and Anaprox, and Daypro. • Dose-Varies with type of NSAID

  5. Acetaminophen Action- reduces fever and pain • Indication- used for fever and pain; doesn’t reduce inflammation • Types- Acetaminophen (Tylenol- various types) • Dose- Varies with type- usually 2 500 mg tablets every 4-6 hours; don’t exceed 8 in 24 hour period

  6. Salicylates • Action-act as an analegesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic • Indications- used for fever, pain, and inflammation conditions due to injury or other conditions • Types- Aspirin (Bayer, Empirin, and ZoRprin (RX)) • Dose- Varies with type; 2-325 mg every 4 hours, do not exceed 12 in a 24 hour period • Warning- DO NOT give to children and teenagers (under 16) b/c of aspirin sensitive conditions like Reye’s Syndrome; do not give to this population after or during chickenpoxs or flu symptoms • May not want to avoid the 1st 24-48 hrs post injury b/c of aspirin’s vasodilatation properties

  7. Central Nervous System Agents • Muscle Relaxants Action-affect nerves that cause muscle tension or spasm • Indication- helps relieve muscle discomfort due to injury; muscle relaxants should not substitute rehab and rest needed to heal an injury. • Types-Skelaxin, Paraflex, Norflex, and Zanaflex all are Rx • Dose-Varies with type

  8. Anti-Infective Agents • Antibiotic • Action- various depends on the particular anti-biotic; but basically inhibits bacterial production/growth • Indication- used to treat infections caused by bacteria; It is important to take the full course to prevent a recurrence of infection.

  9. Anti-Infective Agents- Cont • Types- Oral prescription medications that ends in: cillin (Amoxicillin, Penicillin), cin (Erythromycin), and cycline (tetracycline- treats acne) are all anti-biotics that are common in athletics. • Topical agents are Bacitracin, Triple Antibiotic Ointment/Mycitracin/ Neosporin (Polymyxin B Sulfate, Neomycin Base, Bacitracin) • Dose-Varies with type

  10. Anti-fungal • Action - used to treat fungi by “interfering with the formation of the cell membrane of the fungi.” • Indication- used for tinea curis and pedis and ringworm. It is important to take the full course to prevent a recurrence of infection. • Types- Antifungal topical OTC and prescription medications that are common are as follows: Tinactin, Lotrimin, Lamisil Cream • Dose-Varies with type

  11. Reference • Taken From: • Martin, Malissa and Yates, William N. Jr. (1998).Therapeutic Medications in Sports Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

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