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LESSON 20

LESSON 20. VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES. OBJECTIVES. CLASSIFY IMAGES OF VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES, INCLUDING SHAPE AND SIZE IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THE VISCOSITY OF THREE LIQUIDS OBSERVE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY OF TWO LIQUIDS WHEN THEY ARE MIXED WITH A SOLID

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LESSON 20

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  1. LESSON 20 VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES

  2. OBJECTIVES • CLASSIFY IMAGES OF VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES, INCLUDING SHAPE AND SIZE • IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THE VISCOSITY OF THREE LIQUIDS • OBSERVE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY OF TWO LIQUIDS WHEN THEY ARE MIXED WITH A SOLID • OBSERVE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY OF TWO LIQUIDS WHEN THEY ARE HEATED • DEVELOP A WORKING DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY • RELATE THE VISCOSITY OF LAVA TO THE TYPE OF VOLCANO FORMED, AND MODEL THE FORMATION OF EACH TYPE

  3. GETTING STARTED • USING THE SET OF VOLCANO CARDS, CLASSIFY THE VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES SUCH AS SHAPE AND SIZE. • BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE GROUP HOW AND WHY YOU CLASSIFIED THE VOLCANOES AS YOU DID.

  4. HYPOTHESIZE • I THINK THAT VOLCANOES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES AND SIZES BECAUSE ________.

  5. INQUIRY 20.1 • INVESTIGATING VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES

  6. MAKE OBSERVATIONS • USING DARK CORN SYRUP, SHAMPOO, AND WATER………... • A. HOW DO YO U THINK EACH LIQUID WILL FLOW AT ROOM TEMPERATURE? • B. HOW DO YOU THINK THE ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS WOULD FLOW IF YOU ADDED SAND TO THEM? • C. HOW DO YOU THINK THE LIQUIDS WOULD FLOW IF THEY WERE HEATED?

  7. DESIGN A TEST…..FILL OUT STUDENT SHEET 20.1A AS WE DISCUSS THIS... • A. THE PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT IS TO COMPARE HOW FAST OR SLOW EACH OF THREE LIQUIDS FLOWS. GIVEN THESE MATERIALS, HOW WOULD YOU SET UP A INVESTIGATION TO TEST THIS QUESTION: “HOW DOES TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID?” • “DROP RACES” ON SLOPING WAXED PAPER • MEASURE DISTANCE FLOW IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD • SEE FIGURE 20.1

  8. B. WHAT THINGS WOULD YOU NEED TO KEEP THE SAME IN EACH SETUP? • AMOUNT OF LIQUID DROPPED (5 mL) • HEIGHT FROM WHICH THE LIQUID IS DROPPED • TIME OR DISTANCE THAT THE LIQUID FLOWS DURING EACH TRIAL (FOR EXAMPLE: 5 SEC.) • HEIGHT OF THE INCLINE

  9. C. EACH GROUP WILLL CONDUCT A DIFFERENT PART OF THE INVESTIGATION, AND THEN THE DATA WILL BE COMBINED. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR ALL GROUPS TO AGREE TO USE THE SAME SETUP AND PROCEDURES? • SO THAT THEY CAN CONTROL VARIABLES AND COMPARE DATA.

  10. D. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF HEAT ON THE FLOW OF A LIQUID? • COMPARE THE FLOW OF A LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE WITH THE FLOW OF THAT SAME LIQUID WHEN HEATED. • E. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE WHETHER ADDING A SOLID TO THE LIQUID AFFECTS THE RATE AT WHICH IT FLOWS? • COMPARE THE RATES OF FLOW OF A ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUID WITH AND WITHOUT THE SOLID.

  11. HERE ARE THE DIFFERENT TESTS... • A. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO • B. ROOM-TEMP. WATER VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO • C. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS HEATED CORN SYRUP • D. ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO VERSUS HEATED SHAMPOO • E. ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO MIXED WITH SAND • F. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP MIXED WITH SAND

  12. YOU WILL RECEIVE STUDENT SHEET 20.1B • BE SURE TO KEEP THE VARIABLES CONSTANT • COMPLETE 3 TRIALS PER TEST AND CALCULATE AN AVERAGE

  13. REFLECTIONS 20.1 • A. WHICH ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUID FLOWED THE FASTEST? WHICH FLOWED THE SLOWEST? WHAT EVIDENCE DO YOU HAVE TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER?

  14. B. HOW DID ADDING SAND TO EACH LIQUID CHANGE HOW IT FLOWED? • THE SAND MADE THE SHAMPOO AND CORN SYRUP FLOW MORE SLOWLY. • C. HOW DID HEATING EACH LIQUID CHANGE HOW IT FLOWED? • HEATING THE LIQUIDS, PARTICULARLY THE CORN SYRUP, CAUSED THEM TO FLOW FASTER.

  15. HOW DOES THE VISCOSITY OF LAVA AFFECT THE SHAPE OF A VOLCANO? • LOOK AT THE VOLCANO CARDS AGAIN. • A. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF A VOLCANO THAT FORMS FROM FAST-FLOWING LAVA? WHICH CARDS SHOW THIS TYPE OF VOLCANO? • FAST-FLOWING LAVA USUALLY FORMS VOLCANAOES THAT ARE WIDE AND FLAT, BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF LAVA CANNOT HOLD ITS SHAPE WELL AND CAN TRAVEL LONG DISTANCES.

  16. B. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF A VOLCANO THAT FORMS FROM VISCOUS, SLOW-MOVING LAVA? WHICH CARDS SHOW THIS TYPE OF VOLCANO? • VISCOUS, SLOW-MOVING LAVA USUALLY FORMS VOLCANOES THAT ARE TALL AND MORE STEEPLLY SLOPED, BECAUSE IT CAN HOLD ITS SHAPE AND DOES NOT FLOW AS FAST OR AS FAR AS LESS-VISCOUS LAVA.

  17. VISCOSITY OF LAVA IS ONE FACTOR THAT AFfFECTS THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF A VOLCANO. • READ “VOLCANO TYPES” PG. 229-231. TAKE NOTES WHILE YOU READ ABOUT EACH TYPE OF VOLCANO USING THE “NOTES” SHEET PROVIDED.

  18. USING THE INFORMATION GAINED FROM THE READING SELECTION, CATEGORIZE EACH VOLCANO CARD AS SHIELD VOLCANO, COMPOSITE VOLCANO, OR CINDER CONE. RECORD THIS ON YOUR NOTES SHEET. • SHIELD VOLCANO: CARD 1 CARD 4, CARD 6 • COMPOSITE VOLCANO: CARD 2, CARD 5, CARD 9 • CINDER CONE: CARD 3, CARD 7, CARD 8

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