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Introduction to UNIX

Introduction to UNIX. donna Bair-Mundy. What is UNIX?. Applications. Operating System. Hardware. Operating system functions. Keeps track of types and locations of hardware. Intermediary between applications and hardware. Maintains directory of files. Manages how data is stored.

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Introduction to UNIX

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  1. Introduction to UNIX donna Bair-Mundy

  2. What is UNIX? Applications Operating System Hardware

  3. Operating system functions Keeps track of types and locations of hardware Intermediary between applications and hardware Maintains directory of files Manages how data is stored

  4. User instructions to operating system When to run a program Creating and naming directories Copying files between directories or onto disks Setting access permissions

  5. Unix operating system % ls myfile.txt yourfile.txt % Command-line interface Utilities—programs to list files, tell who is on the system, what processes are running, etc. Editors—use to create HTML files for Web portals

  6. Unix environment - now terminals Hi! Ho! Hi! Ho! host terminals

  7. Unix environment - then host terminals

  8. UHUNIX file structure Root directory bin subdirectory home subdirectory usr subdirectory 1 subdirectory 18 subdirectory 24 subdirectory donnab Home directory johnd Home directory nahl Home directory

  9. Basic UHUNIX commands pwdprint working directory tells you where you are in the file hierarchy lslist lists files and subdirectories cdchange directory Moves you up or down in the file hierarchy chmodchange mode Assigns access rights to files and directories

  10. More UHUNIX commands manmanual man + command provides access to electronic help files cpcopy cp sourcefile destinationfile copies the source file to a file with the destination file name rmremove file Deletes a file mkdirmake directory Creates a new directory

  11. Where am I: pwd(print working directory) % pwd /home/18/donnab %

  12. What files and directories do I have: ls (list files) % ls aardvark.txt mail myfile.txt public_html whatsup.doc %

  13. The "all files" option: ls -a % ls -a . .. .addressbook .cshrc .inbox .login .logout .pinerc .signature .ssh2 aardvark.txt mail myfile.txt public_html whatsup.doc %

  14. The "long' option: ls -l % ls -l -rw------- 1 donnab 47616 May 8 11:59 aardvark.txt drwx------ 2 donnab 3584 Apr 10 2002 mail -rw------- 1 donnab 45927 May 8 11:59 myfile.txt drwxr-xr-x 5 donnab 1024 Mar 20 13:51 public_html % ls -la

  15. Changing my working directory: cd (change directory) cd change directory % cd public_html % pwd /home/18/donnab/public_html % cd fun/images % pwd /home/18/donnab/public_html/fun/images %

  16. Changing to a higher-level subdirectory: cd .. /home/18/donnab/public_html/fun/images % cd .. % Note space preceding dots pwd /home/18/donnab/public_html/fun/ % cd .. % pwd /home/18/donnab/public_html/ % cd /bin

  17. Changing access rights to a file or directory: chmod(change mode, part 1) % ls -l -rwx------ 1 donnab 47616 May 8 11:59 myfile.txt drwxr-xr-x 5 donnab 1024 Mar 20 13:51 public_html % - r w x - - - - - - owner group public

  18. Changing access rights to a file or directory: chmod(change mode, part 2) % ls -l -rwx------ 1 donnab 47616 May 8 11:59 myfile.txt drwxr-xr-x 5 donnab 1024 Mar 20 13:51 public_html % chmod 755 myfile.txt % ls -l -rwxr-xr-x 1 donnab 47616 May 8 11:59 myfile.txt drwxr-xr-x 5 donnab 1024 Mar 20 13:51 public_html r w x r - x r - x owner group public

  19. Binary numbers (part 1) Base 10 Base 2 1 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 10 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

  20. Binary numbers (part 2) Base 2 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 7 Decimal 7 - 4 3 Base two 1 1 1 - 2 + + = 7 1 4 2 1

  21. Binary numbers (part 3) Base 2 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 6 6 - 4 2 1 1 0 - 2 4 + 2 + 0 = 6 4 2 1 0

  22. Binary numbers (part 4) 5 Base 2 4 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 Selection A Selection B Selection C

  23. Oops… 5 Base 2 0 1 1 4 2 1 2 + 1 = 3 Try again

  24. Oops… 5 Base 2 1 0 0 4 2 1 4 + 0 + 0 = 4 Try again

  25. Congratulations! 5 Base 2 1 0 1 4 2 1 4 + 0 + 1 = 5 Yes!

  26. Changing access rights to a file or directory: chmod (change mode, part 3) % chmod 755 myfile.txt -rwxr-xr-x 1 donnab 47616 May 8 11:59 myfile.txt drwxr-xr-x 5 donnab 1024 Mar 20 13:51 public_html rwx r-x r-x % 111 101 101 7 5 5 owner group public

  27. Getting help: man command % man chmod User Commands chmod(1) NAME chmod - change the permissions mode of a file DESCRIPTION chmod changes or assigns the mode of a file. The mode of a file specifies its permissions and other attributes. …

  28. Getting help: man -k % man -k mode | more access access (3f) - return access mode (r,w,x) or existence of a file cggglm cggglm (3p) - solve a general Gauss-Markov linear model (GLM) problem chmod chmod (3f) - change mode of a file dggglm dggglm (3p) - solve a general Gauss-Markov linear model (GLM) problem f77_ieee_environment f77_ieee_environment (3f) - mode, status, and signal handling for IEEE arithmetic fegetprec fesetprec (3m) - control floating point rounding precision modes

  29. Making back-ups: cp (copy) % cp myfile.txt myfilebk.txt % ls myfile.txt myfilebk.txt my_file.txt my file.txt

  30. Deleting a file: rm (remove) % ls myfile.txt myfilebk.txt % rm myfilebk.txt y rm: remove myfilebk.txt (yes/no)? % ls myfile.txt

  31. Creating a new subdirectory: mkdir (make directory) % mkdir images % ls -l drwx------ images -rwx------ myfile.txt % chmod 755 images

  32. Logging out of the system: logout % logout You are now logged out from the Sun Tue Jul 8 11:20:18 HST 2003

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