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CIAFS Indianapolis

CIAFS Indianapolis. Presentation: February 9, 2004. Outline. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues P2 Technology: GM Bond P2 Technology: Advanced Oxidation. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues. Waste determination Waste classification Reuse authorization Inadequate or inappropriate treatment

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CIAFS Indianapolis

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  1. CIAFS Indianapolis Presentation: February 9, 2004

  2. Outline • IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues • P2 Technology: GM Bond • P2 Technology: Advanced Oxidation

  3. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues • Waste determination • Waste classification • Reuse authorization • Inadequate or inappropriate treatment • Indefinite storage • Unpermitted disposal • Internal housekeeping • External housekeeping • Storm water releases

  4. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination: • Answers the question: Is the material a solid waste, hazardous waste, or other regulated waste? • Made on individual waste streams at the point of generation • Generator knowledge is acceptable • Representative sampling and good lab data • Must keep good records to support decisions • Hazardous: Determine hazardous wastes and constituents • Solid: All wastes going into a municipal solid waste landfill • Definitions: IC 13-11-2-205, 40 CFR 261, 329 IAC 10-2-174

  5. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential wastes from pattern making: • Scrap patterns (wood, plastic, metal, wax) • Adhesive wastes • Solvents from cleaning

  6. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential wastes from mold & core preparation and pouring: • Green and core sands • Damaged cores • Emission dust • Wastewater (if mold is water-cured) • Spent plaster • Waxes • Plastics • Waste resins and binders

  7. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential wastes from furnace charge prep & metal melting: • Slag • Baghouse dust • Wet scrubber sludge • Spent ladles • Spent refractory

  8. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential wastes from shakeout, cooling and sand handling: • Used sand • Sand lumps • Baghouse or emission dust

  9. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential wastes from quenching, finishing, cleaning, and coating: • Risers, runners, spurs (from gating) • Metal fins • Sand blasting sands • Steel shot blast • Solvents • Acids • Salt baths • Coatings • Quench bath or sludges • Cutting oils

  10. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 1. Waste determination Potential miscellaneous wastes: • Light bulbs • Batteries • Used oil • Used shop rags

  11. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 2. Waste Classification: • For disposal of a waste into a restricted waste site other than Type 1 • For beneficial reuse • Found in solid waste rule (329 IAC 10-9-4) • Requires detailed chemical, technical, process, and regulatory knowledge • Requires representative sampling, good lab data, and QA/QC

  12. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 2. Waste classification: • Issued by IDEM • No application form • No fee! • Make a list of wastes and disposition • Review hazwaste determination • Collect documentation • Prepare sampling and analysis plan and submit to IDEM (not required, but helpful) • Update every two years

  13. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 3. Reuse authorization: • Type 3 foundry sand may be reused without state authorization • Any reuse of foundry waste other than foundry sand or (foundry sand other than type 3) must be approved by IDEM

  14. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 4. Inadequate or inappropriate treatment: • Hazardous waste must be treated to a standard for the hazardous characteristic • Underlying hazardous constituents must be treated to the universal treatment standard • Must develop and follow a waste analysis plan • Prior to point of generation treatment must have a waste analysis plan and demonstrate adequate and effective daily treatment

  15. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 5. Indefinite storage: • Not allowed by IDEM • Storage must not exceed 6 months • Storage must not threaten human health and the environment • Storage over 6 months assumed to be disposal • Speculative accumulation not allowed • Need a known intended end use and user • Need known chemical/physical composition • Need known source of material, turnover ratio

  16. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 6. Unpermitted disposal: • Restricted Waste Sites (RWS) Type 1, 2, 3 • All RWSs must be permitted before use • RWSs are designed according to the waste being disposed • Type 2 waste may be disposed in a Type 2 or 1 RWS (landfill) • Anything less may be allowed under 329 IAC 10-9-4(f) after demonstrating lower concentrations of waste chemicals in any leachate generated • Concerned over piles of sand, cores, refractory material, slag, trash, and baghouse dust on the ground; some seen in standing water

  17. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 7. & 8. Housekeeping, Internal and External: • Avoid unnecessary employee exposure • Avoid tracking wastes outside via equipment and staff • Prevent contamination to soil, surface water, groundwater and air • Report spills to IDEM: 888-233-7745 • Containerize waste or place on impervious surface, protected from the environment

  18. IDEM’s Top Compliance Issues 9. Storm water releases: • Foundries may need a storm water permit • SIC codes • Storm water affected by industrial activity • Separate storm water sewer or point-source discharge to waters of the state • NOI, SWP3, Sampling, Inspections, Reporting • No-contact exclusion available

  19. Pollution Prevention Technologies • GM Bond • Advanced Oxidation

  20. Pollution Prevention Technologies GM Bond: • Protein-based binder used for internal cores at aluminum, iron and steel foundries • Made from renewable, natural resources • Developed at General Motors R&D Center • Hormel Foods granted sole license to evaluate the product • CERP study: Reduced VOCs and HAPs by 90% • Currently working with GM Gray Iron Foundry in Saginaw, MI • No Indiana foundries using it at present

  21. Pollution Prevention Technologies GM Bond: • Easier to rid the metal casting of its internal sand core, eliminating the need to heat or hammer parts • Reduced operating costs • Recyclable • Create stronger, more complex cores • Reduces pollution

  22. Pollution Prevention Technologies GM Bond Contact: • Dave Parker, Hormel • Tel. 859-823-1586 • daparker@hormel.com • www.gmbond.com

  23. Pollution Prevention Technologies Advanced Oxidation: • Furness-Newburge, Inc. • Jim Furness • 859 873 0328 • jimfurness@alltel.net

  24. What is Advanced Oxidation (AO) as used in the foundry industry ? A “non-end of pipe” pollution prevention process that treats the city water used in a foundry’s sand molding operations.

  25. Advanced oxidants (and reductants) are created in sand system process water with the addition of small amounts of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and in the presence of intense sonication . The two main types are: AO-Clean Water: sand system tap water treatment only AO-Black Water: Wet collector and/or dry dust collector bentonite clay reactivation and return to the sand system via an AO treated blackwater slurry

  26. AO Clean Water System The CLEAN WATER systems treat the city water used in a foundry’s greensand molding and sand cooling operations with advanced oxidants generated from the combination of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and sonication.

  27. AO Blackwater System The BLACKWATER systems apply additional acoustic techniques to advanced oxidation treatment concepts in order to recycle the coal and clay from a foundry’s dust collection systems to reduce solid waste disposal and to further reduce bond consumption.

  28. AO Core Room Odor Scrubber in operation at a California iron foundry. Integrates an advanced Sono-catalytic reactor, UV photo-catalysis and air phase wet oxidation with Clean Water AND Black Water AO systems.

  29. AO SystemMotivations for Installation Reduce organic pollutant emissions • Reduce smoke and odor in foundries • Reduce neighborhood odor complaints and associated legal costs • Reduce benzene and VOC emissions to meet regulatory limits • Reduce solid wastes Improve sand system performance • Improve sand strengths  reduce mold cracking • Reduce bond consumption  save money • Improve the predictability of sand system properties

  30. Clean Water Blackwater From wet scrubbers Dust Recycle via Blackwater Emission Reductions 10-30% Benzene 20-40% VOC 20-50% Benzene 30-75% VOC 50% Benzene 30-90% VOC Sand System Performance 15-35% less clay used 20-35% Less clay used 27%-48% Less clay used Other Benefits Reduced in-plant smoke and odor Reduced stack odor Reduced build-up of condensables in ductwork AO system performance summary

  31. How does this compare to the published proposed new source MACT Standard of 20 ppmvVOCs for a sand system?AfterAOandoptimization: • A Wisconsin foundry has tested 1-18 ppmv on last certified stack test (EPA method 18 as propane) (Extremely heavy cored) • A Wisconsin foundry has tested 4-10 ppmv with heavy core load (WI Occupational Health Lab) • A Pennsylvania foundry has tested .8 to 3 ppmv after AAOP but before optimization is complete (EPA method 18 as hexane) • A heavily shell cored California foundry tested less than 6 ppmv. • A federally funded California research foundry has tested 14-16 ppmv via real-time FID (EPA method 25) of heavily cored engine block tests, lower on high surface area no-core. See graph provided.

  32. This turbocharger core package generated many smoke and odor complaints.

  33. Turbocharger now produced virtually smoke and odor free after AO clay/coal recycle and core room odor scrubbing

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