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PROCESS ESSAY

PROCESS ESSAY. PROCESS ESSAY. * BRIEF DEFINITION : the careful, detailed explanation of a particular procedure * TYPES of PROCESS-ANALYSIS : DIRECTIVE : how to perform a task *you will write this type of process essay how to change of flat tire INFORMATIVE : explain how something works

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PROCESS ESSAY

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  1. PROCESS ESSAY

  2. PROCESS ESSAY *BRIEF DEFINITION: • the careful, detailed explanation of a particular procedure *TYPES of PROCESS-ANALYSIS: • DIRECTIVE: how to perform a task • *you will write this type of process essay • how to change of flat tire • INFORMATIVE: explain how something works • how the gulf stream works

  3. TRAITS

  4. Process Essay VSFirst 3 Essays

  5. PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS *DESCRIPTIVE: • dominant impression • sense details with similes (to support DI) • arranged spatially • pan like a camera

  6. PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS *ILLUSTRATIVE: • reasons, proof, examples • supported by stats, anecdotes, instances • arranged logically, emphatically • emphatic order—save the best for last

  7. PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS *NARRATIVE: • narrative details of a moralistic story • arranged chronologically • linear time sequence—beginning, middle, end

  8. PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS *PROCESS-ANALYSIS ESSAY: • detailed steps in a process • arranged chronologically • step by step by step • use description, narration, illustration • use transitions between steps • AND…..

  9. YOU, YOU, YOU * The Process Essay is the only one in which you are directly addressing the reader, so get all the you’s out of your system now. • you, you, you, you, you • “you are” • “you’re” is NOT allowed (no contractions) • “UR” is NOT allowed (no text-messaging lingo) • “your” is allowed

  10. POV “YOU” • 2ND-person POV • directly addressing the reader “I” • 1st-person POV (*more informational process essay) • speaking from personal experience (*more Narrative) “YOU” with “I” (*recommendation*) • directly addressing the reader (“YOU”) • offering personal examples for illustration (“I”) • “For example, I prefer to add my fabric softener at the end of the third cycle.”

  11. INTRODUCTION

  12. INTRODUCTION **SCENARIO: • Create a context for this process • What situation would dictate the reader needing to know how to perform this task? • Why should the reader know how to do this activity? • purpose: answer the “so what?!” factor

  13. INTRODUCTION *OVERVIEW: Now that you have gained our interest and created a need by virtue of the scenario, now tell us exactly what we are in for in an overview of the entire process— • How many steps? • What is the difficulty level? • How long should it take? • Divide into recognizable parts • Describe the result (sense details; “After following my easy, five-step process, you will have safely, properly changed your flat tire.”)

  14. INTRODUCTION **PURPOSE STATEMENT: • like a thesis statement • what essay will concern • why readers should do • combine “overview” with your purpose to get a thesis statement: purpose: answer the “so what?!” factor In six easy steps that should take you approximately ten minutes, you can create a new, exciting, flattering look for yourself.

  15. INTRODUCTION **PURPOSE STATEMENT: DO NOT ANNOUNCE: • Rather than “I am going to tell you how to make this” OR “In this essay I will show you how,” • Write “If you follow this easy six-step process, you will be able to create…”.

  16. INTRODUCTION *EXAMPLES OF CREATING A SCENARIO & INTRODUCING THE TOPIC: • Have you ever been driving home late at night on a dark, deserted road out of cell phone range when you felt the car pulling sharply to one side and you heard the unmistakable thumping sound of a flat tire? • End Intro with Purpose Statement • BODY’s 1st sentence: The first step in changing a tire is to….

  17. BODY

  18. BODY *COHERENCE: • *CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER • do NOT place steps out of sequence • no “But before that” • if a step comes before another, then place it before the other • *TRANSITIONS

  19. BODY: Coherence: Transitions FORMS: • Transitions often come in the following forms:  • SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS:since, because, if, when, although • COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so • PREPOSITIONS:after, during, behind, beyond, during • ADVERBS:once, never, always, frequently

  20. BODY: Coherence: Transitions Transitions for the Process-Analysis Essay: Time and Sequence/Order • First, second, third • Next, then, finally, lastly • After, afterwards, following, • At this time, at this point • Simultaneously, concurrently • Subsequently, while, meanwhile • When, during, immediately, now, later, in the future, earlier, sometimes, always, never, whenever, once

  21. BODY: Coherence: Transitions * Examples of transitions in a process essay: 1) First, pull off the road a safe distance from any possible traffic, and park on a flat surface. 2) Next, put the car in park and put on your emergency brake. 3) Then, after you activate your four-ways, you must gather all the necessary equipment, such as a flash light, crow bar, jack, and, of course, spare tire. All these items should be located in your trunk.

  22. BODY *STEP-BY-STEP: • assume nothing • presume your audience = NOVICES • reader knows nothing about your topic • reader has never performed this task before • DIRECTIVE (how-to, technical writing) vs/ INFORMATIVE (close to narrative)

  23. BODY *THIS IS AN ESSAY, SO… • *NO LISTS* • *NO RECIPES (keep in essay format) • *do not forget the ARTICLES (a, an, the) • *do not forget the INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION paragraphs

  24. BODY *DETAILS: • STEP #1: gather all materials 1st • items should NOT just magically appear in the middle of the process • list them as “items in a series” & not as a bulleted or numbered list • “HOW EXACTLY” • don’t skip over steps • remember, readers have never done this

  25. BODY *DETAILS: • PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE: • since this is not necessarily a 5-paragraph essay, • group steps into related PHASES/STAGES • (like the Narrative Essay) • use DESCRIPTIVE DETAILS

  26. BODY *FLAVOR: • make PERSONAL SUGGESTIONS or PREFERENCES (if no specific brand/flavor is required) (i.e., amount of salt) • make TIPS (better use a pot holder) • give SPECIFIC INSTANCE if “it depends” • briefly explain the REASON for a step if it is not obvious (do this to prevent a mess)

  27. BODY *GRAMMAR: • spell “INGREDIENTS” correctly • no “THINGS” (steps, tasks) (items, utensils) • 350 degrees (not the symbol for degrees) • medium-sized pan (hyphen, -ed) • “THEN” = not a conjunction (use “, and then”) • COMMAS (“Introductory subordinate clause,”) (between two I.C. joined by a C.C.) • COLONS (“First, gather the following ingredients: milk, sugar, and flour.”)

  28. CONCLUSION

  29. CONCLUSION *CONSIDER THE PROCESS AS A WHOLE: • repeat/reference the PURPOSE of your process (why did you tell us how to do this) (scenario) • Process-as-a-whole: • #/difficulty of steps • *total TIME of process • *describe the FINISHED PRODUCT (smells, taste, sight, feel, sound) • CLINCHER SENTENCE

  30. LITMUS TEST *** CAN THE READER DO IT? ***

  31. Lifeis aPROCESSESSAY(cognitive & social development)

  32. TOPICS related to cognitive & social development

  33. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL PROTECTION: • How to handle inappropriate and/or unwanted sexual advances at work, school, social setting • How to defend yourself if attacked • How to determine that you are in and/or how to leave an abusive relationship • How to catch your significant other cheating • How to get a PFA • How to win a custody battle

  34. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL IMPROVEMENT: • How to quit smoking • How to determine that you have a drug/alcohol problem AND how get help with it • How to deal with the death of a loved one • How to start over • How to begin a diet, exercise regimen • How to train for your first 5k, 5-miler… • How to perform a basic dance step • How to find a new apartment/house

  35. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL MAKE-OVER: • How to give yourself a manicure, pedicure • How to prepare a special bubble bath, facial • How properly to wax, tan • How to cut, treat, wash, perm, highlight your hair • How to have a tattoo removed • How to buy a used or new car

  36. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL EDIFICATION: • Take Notes • Study • Prepare for a Test, Mid-Term or Final Exam • Prepare for a Job Interview • Create a RÉSUMÉ • Deal with Stress (in a healthy manner) • Deal with a Death in the Family (and school)

  37. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL OCCUPATION: • Job Orientation/Training • As if you are training someone on his/her first day on the job • How to total the register, scan, waitress, bus tables, prepare dishes, create a display, unload a truck, stock shelves, stack a pallet, bundle cardboard…

  38. TOPIC PROMPTS *PERSONAL INDISCRETION: On the Dark Side • How to plagiarize (and not get caught) • How to cheat on a test • How to cheat on your significant other • How to tell a lie • How to commit the perfect crime/murder • How to get out of a speeding ticket • How to file for ARD • How to fail a particular course

  39. PREWRITING

  40. PREWRITING 1) LISTS: • 3 tasks done at work each time • 3 technical/electrical/mechanical skills • 3 tasks you have done for yourself lately • 3 weekly chores • 3 foods you like to make

  41. PREWRITING 2) STEPS: • Brainstorm. • List every step in the process. • Number the steps in chronological order. • List related sense details.

  42. PREWRITING 3) BEFORE YOU WRITE: • Do the process yourself. • Details are then fresh in your mind & you will not skip any steps. • Plus, suggestions make themselves apparent.

  43. SAMPLE PROCESSES

  44. How to Change a Flat Tirewww.americredit.com/.../Learn2ChangeFlatTire.htm 1 2 3

  45. How to Change a Flat Tire 4 5 6

  46. How to Make MACARONI & CHEESE STEP #1

  47. STEP #2

  48. STEP #3

  49. STEP #4

  50. STEP #5

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