Chapter 29 Notes

1. 18th Century Art in Europe and the Americas Chapter 29 Notes

2. Grasp the essential intellectual thrusts of the Enlightenment. Become familiar with the basic ideas underlying Neoclassicism and Romanticism. See how Neoclassicism and Romanticism differ. See what elements Neoclassicism and Romanticism share. Objectives…Holla!!!

3. Scientific Revolution (16th) Glorious Revolution (17th) Industrial Revolution (18th) American Revolution (18th) French Revolution (18th & 19th) Viva La Revolutions!!

4. Age of Reason  Reaches its height in mid-1700’s Influenced by Scientific Revolution Belief in progress  through reason, a better society was possible THE ENLIGHTENMENT

5. Voltaire Civil Liberties Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Thomas HobbesArgued for a STRONG Central Government Diderot Encylopedea ENLIGHTENMENT John Locke Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and The Pursuit of Property Montesquieu 3 Branches of Government

6. “Style of Louis XV” • Rococo = coquillage +rocaille (shells & stones) • Difference between Baroque & Rococo: • B: Theatrical, Grand-Scale, Dramatic • R: Intimate, Playful, Tender, Whimsical • Pastel Colors predominate art Rococo

7. Rise of Rococo when Louis XIV dies  aristocracy leave Versailles • Build elegant town houses (hotels)  Designed for private living • “Age of Aristocrats” • Focus on interior layout & décor (decorative arts) • Concerned with intimate settings & individual styles • Spreads to aristocracy throughout Europe The Rise of Rococo

8. “14 Auxiliary Saints” Complex arrangement of curved shapes NO straight lines Combination of painting, sculpture, and architecture Church of VierzehnHeiligen

9. Church of the Vierzehnheiligen Johann Balthasar Neumann 1743-72

11. Salon de la PrincesseGermainBoffrand 1737-1740

12. Balthasar Neumann. The Kaisersaal, Residenz, Wurzburg, Germany. 1719-44. Frescoes by Giovanni Tiepolo, 1751.

13. The Kaisersaal

14. Ceiling Fresco (detail) from The Kaisersaal.Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. 1751

15. Jean-Antoine Watteau • Original Gangsta of French Rococo • Studied Rubens and Giorgione • Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera • Fete-Galante • Elegant outdoor entertainment Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera

16. A Pilgrimage to Cythera. Watteau. 1717

17. Watteau RUBENS

18. The Signboard of Gersaint

19. Watteau.Pierrot.c. 1719

20. Francois Boucher • Worked in Versailles • Best known for his mythological scenes • Goddess of love = Center • Giant Shell…Don’t go there Ben and Brandon • Style similar to Rubens Triumph of Venus

21. Triumph of Venus Francois Boucher 1740

22. Francois Boucher. The Toilet of Venus. 1751

23. Jean-Honore Fragonard • Commissioned by Madame du Barry • Louis XV’s last mistress • The Meeting • Secret Encounter • Entertaining Subject • Lush Painting The Meeting

24. The Meeting Jean-Honore Fragonard 1771-73

25. The Bathers Jean-Honore Fragonard 1765

26. The Swing. Jean-Honore Fragonard.1766.

27. Satyr and BacchanteClodion(Claude Michel)1775

28. Marie Antoinette • French Portrait Painters moved towards naturalistic poses • Informal • Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun • Queen’s personal portrait painter • Meant to counter her image as selfish and extravagant

29. Portrait of Marie Antoinette Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun 1787

31. 18th Century Painting??? Neoclassical???

32. The Marriage Contract • William Hogarth • Believed art should contribute to the improvement of society • Moralizing tales • Marriage based on love rather than aristocratic intrigue • Couple on the couch

33. The Marriage Contract William Hogarth 1743

34. An Experiment Enlightenment Inspired Industrial Revolution Inspired Caravaggio Inspired Really just inspired!!!

35. An Experiment Joseph Wright 1768

36. Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds was the most important and influential of 18th century English painters, specializing in portraits and promoting the "Grand Style" in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. Sir Joshua ReynoldsMiss Elizabeth Ingram. 1757.

37. Sir Joshua Reynolds Portrait Of Richard Peers Symons 1770. ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL

38. EnglishNEOCLASSICAL Mrs. Richard Brinsley Thomas Gainsborough 1787.

39. Robert Andrews and His Wife. Thomas Gainsborough. c. 1748-50(The Grand Manner)

40. Mrs. Siddons.Thomas Gainsborough.1785(The Grand Manner)

41. Thomas Gainsborough The Blue Boy 1770 ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL

42. Sir Joshua Reynolds Thomas Gainsborough

43. NEOCLASSICAL

44. Rococo V. Neoclassicism V. Romanticism • Sensuous Simple/Restrained Imagination/Emotions • Roughly 1750 to 1850 • Art reflects “the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome” (Poe) • Sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greek and Roman art • Reacted against the ornate, artificiality of the Rococo Period • Reflects reason & logic of Enlightenment • Inspired by Pompeii • 1738 Early Romanticism AKA Neoclassicism

45. N E O C L A S S I C A L FRENCH Jacques Louis David Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun Adélaïde Labille-Guiard ENGLISH William Hogarth Sir Joshua Reynolds Thomas Gainsborough AMERICAN Benjamin West John Singleton Copley Gilbert Stuart

46. Cornelia Pointing to her Children as her Treasures History Painting = Highest form of artistic endeavor Exemplified “Good Mother”

47. Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures Angelica Kauffmann1785. NEOCLASSICAL

48. Reaction against Rococo Return to moral austerity Inspired by Palladio’s Villa Rotunda Ornate interior…Ironic??? Chiswick House

49. Richard Boyle and William Kent. Chiswick House. Begun 1725.

50. Andrea PalladioVilla Rotonda, c1566.HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Richard Boyle (Lord Burlington)Chiswick House, c1729.ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL