University of Florida Police Department

1. University of Florida Police Department Chief Linda J. Stump Lt. Stacy Ettel

2. UFPD - 2007 41,094 calls for service 3,326 generated reports 892 arrests 58,500 point-to-point SNAP Escorts (approximately) 705 RAD (Rape Aggression Defense Training) Personnel/Divisions Criminal Investigations Division Community Services Division Training Division Patrol Division 11 CIT Officers (Crisis Intervention Team) 12 CIRT Officers (Critical Incident Response Team)

3. This Presentation Will Review Overview and Mission of UFPD Use of force guidelines for law enforcement officers in Florida Less than lethal response options available to officers at UFPD Application of guidelines Revisions to policy regarding Taser use Review/Enhancement of Protocol for event management

4. Mission The mission of the University of Florida Police Department is to preserve a safe, secure campus environment where diverse social, cultural and academic values are allowed to develop and prosper through a combination of reactive, proactive and education law enforcement services.

5. Values Justice: All department members are committed to the administration of law and order based on the constitutional idea of justice for all where every citizen will be treated with dignity, fairness and respect. Professionalism: All department members will display attitudes, actions and behaviors that result in serving the highest interests of the campus community above their own. Trust: All department members will conduct themselves in a manner worthy of the confidence of the university community by exercising wisdom, compassion and commitment to honesty and justice. Service: As members of a law enforcement agency, we recognize that we are servants of the public. As such, we are duty bound to the highest level of community service in the protection of life and property. Integrity: All department members are expected to espouse the highest moral standards, always conducting themselves in a manner that is fair, ethical, legal and that portrays a sense of duty and honor.

6. Statutory Guidelines UFPD adheres to guidelines set forth by Florida State Statutes Fla. Stat. � 776.05 Use of force to effect a lawful arrest Fla. Stat. � 943.1717 Use of dart-firing stun guns

7. UFPD Use of Force Training Police Academy Training 140 hours UFPD Training for New Hires 20 hours UFPD Annual In-Service Training 23 hours

8. Florida Statute � 776.05 Law enforcement officers; use of force in making an arrest A law enforcement officer . . . need not retreat or desist from efforts to make a lawful arrest because of resistance or threatened resistance to the arrest. The officer is justified in the use of any force: (1)��Which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to defend himself or herself or another from bodily harm while making the arrest; �

9. Florida Statute � 943.1717 Use of dart-firing stun guns 1)��A decision by a law enforcement officer . . . to use a dart-firing stun gun must involve an arrest or a custodial situation during which the person who is the subject of the arrest or custody escalates resistance to the officer from passive physical resistance to active physical resistance and the person: (a)��Has the apparent ability to physically threaten the officer or others; or (b)��Is preparing or attempting to flee or escape.

11. Resistance Definitions Presence - A subject is on the scene. Verbal - A subject verbally refuses to comply with your requests or tries to control the situation. Passive Physical � A subject makes no attempt to physically defeat your actions but forces you to use physical maneuvers to establish control. Active Physical - The subject may brace or tense himself or herself, try to push or pull away, or not let you come close. Aggressive Physical - A subject makes overt, hostile, attacking movements that may cause injury. However, they are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to you or others. Aggravated Physical - A subject makes overt, hostile, attacking movements, with or without a weapon. The person has the intent and apparent ability to cause death or great bodily harm to you or others.

12. Response Definitions Officer presence - Officer adopts a stance at a safe distance from the subject. Communication - Officer conducts a two-way, controlled, unemotional communication with the subject using verbal direction, and if necessary, a soft assisting touch to comfort, console, or gain a subject�s attention. Physical Control � Officer uses restraint devices (handcuffs), physical techniques used by the officer to control, move, and or take-down a subject, the infliction of controlled pain upon specific points of the subject�s body such as pressure points, and countermoves that impede a subject�s movement toward the officer or another person.

13. Response Definitions Intermediate Weapons � Officer uses less than lethal weapons to control a subject. Incapacitating Control � Officer uses that level of force necessary to stun or render a subject temporarily unconscious or unable to continue to resist. Deadly Force � Officer uses a level of force that may result in death, great bodily harm, or permanent disfigurement, including strikes to the head with an impact weapon or use of a firearm.

14. Resistance vs. Response Presence Verbal Passive Physical Active Physical Aggressive Physical Aggravated Physical Officer Presence Communication Physical Control Intermediate Weapons Incapacitating Control Deadly Force

15. Historical Intermediate Response to aggression Prior to the Taser, intermediate tools functioned by causing pain or temporary destructive injury (ie. Baton, Pepper Spray, etc.). The intention was that the pain or the bodily injury will dissuade the subject from continuing an unwanted behavior and elicit cooperation.

16. UFPD Less than LethalResponse Options Hand to Hand Defensive Tactics Intermediate tools: Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray Expandable Baton X26 and M26 TASER

17. Hand to Hand Defensive Tactics Officer and subject must be in close proximity. Tactics rely on pain compliance, joint manipulation, and stunning strikes. Effectiveness of tactics are dependent on officer and subject size comparison and physical ability and training of both. Officers and subjects have increased likelihood to injury during struggle.

18. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray Effective range 3-10 feet. Must get into subject�s eyes to be effective. Relies on pain compliance and temporary blinding of the subject. Pain lasts 45 minutes or more. Likelihood of unintentional contamination of others. Can be defeated by subject mindset.

19. Expandable Baton UFPD deploys a 25 inch Monadnock Steel Expandable Baton. Must be in close proximity of subject. Relies on pain compliance or incapacitation. Will cause soft tissue injury. Can cause broken bones and can be used as a lethal force option.

20. TASER � Dart Firing Relies on Neuromuscular Incapacitation (NMI) of a subject�s sensory and motor nerves. Effective range is 0 to 21 feet. Cannot be defeated by subject pain tolerance or mindset. Cycle lasts 5 seconds per deployment and can be deployed multiple times if necessary. Subject recovery is almost instantaneous. Most common injuries include abrasions or bruises from falling after incapacitation.

21. TASER - Drive Stun/Pain Compliance Utilized in close proximity with suspect. Can be done with or without the dart firing cartridge (in a secondary capacity). Often used in struggle to secure suspect in handcuffs or to stop an attack. Injuries can include small superficial burns from contact points.

22. UFPD Taser Policy The Taser may be used to control a dangerous or violent subject when deadly physical force does not appear to be justified and/or necessary and to prevent a subject from harming himself or herself.

23. History of Taser Use by UFPD Officers Past 6 years Total times deployed � 20 (7 students/13 non-students) Using darts � 6/20 (2 students (suicide attempts/both w/weapons)) Using Drive Stun � 14/20 (5 students/9 non-students) Subject Actively Resisting � 15/20 Subject Fighting � 8/20 Weapons � 3/20 (3 students) Subject Suicidal � 2/20 (with knife, both students) Subject under influence of drugs/alcohol � 12/20 (3 students) Subject exhibited signs of Excited Delirium � 1/20 Injuries - 0/20

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25. 12,000 DepartmentsIncluding 256 CampusLaw Enforcement Departments Deploy 287,000 TasersNationwide

26. Major University Police Departmentsthat Deploy the Taser Arizona State Univ. (1997) Ball State Univ. California State Univ. (2001) Colorado State Univ. Duke Univ. Indiana Univ. Iowa State Univ. (1998) Michigan State Univ. New Mexico Univ. North Carolina State Univ.(2004) Ohio State Univ. Purdue Univ. (Process) San Diego State Univ. Southern Illinois Univ. Univ. of Arizona (1993) Univ. of California, Davis Univ. of California, Irvine Univ. of California, LA Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of Colorado Univ. of Florida (1996) Univ. of Illinois, Champaign Univ. of Iowa Univ. of Minnesota Univ. of North Carolina (1995) Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas Univ. of Oklahoma Univ. of South Carolina (1996) Univ. of Tennessee Univ. of Texas, Austin (2007) Univ. of Washington (2005) Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison

27. Florida University Police Departmentsthat deploy the Taser Florida Atlantic University Florida Gulf Coast University Florida State University (CFA 2002) University of Central Florida University of Florida (CALEA 1996;CFA 1997) University of Miami University of West Florida

28. UFPD position on the viability of Tasers The Taser, when used according to FDLE guidelines, Florida Statutes and UFPD policy, is a safe and effective option that minimizes the possibility of injury or death to all involved when the use of intermediate weapons is warranted.

29. Pre-Event Planning Established formal training for: UFPD employees Event staff Sponsoring organizations staff Dean�s office staff Emphasis on planning meetings: All groups involved must meet prior to events On-site roll call training: Staff assignments Building logistics Direct communication with facility staff

30. Review/Enhancement of Protocol for event management