GPS: SS8H5

1. GPS: SS8H5 • SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840. • a. Explain the establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist and Methodist churches. • b. Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo land fraud. • c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth. • d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

2. UGA • land grant university in which the federal government donated the land. • Franklin College was the first building constructed at UGA.

3. Louisville • Capital of Georgia moved here because of the changing population center of the state. • Louisville was most important trade center. • Records from the Yazoo Land Fraud burned here.

4. Baptist and Methodist Churches • The First African American church was established in 1788 under the leadership of Andrew Bryan in Savannah. • By 1860, the two largest church denominations were Baptist and Methodist. • The Methodist church sent circuit riders to frontier settlements to provide monthly services. • Baptist and Methodist churches split over the the permitting of slavery.

5. Headright System • Distributed Native American lands to new settlers. • Every “head” of household had the “right” to own land up to 1000 acres of land.

6. Land Lotteries • Replaced the headright system as a way of distributing land to yeoman farmers. • Tickets were sold for chances to win. • Provisions of winning land: all white males at least 21 years of age. Also, head of households with children, war veterans, and widows had extra chances of winning.

7. Yazoo Land Fraud Why did the occur? What was the result of the federal government resolving the matter? What happened to Georgia because of this?

8. Land companies bribed Georgia governor and legislatures to sell them land for cheap. The companies were sold 35-50 million acres of land for $500k. Then they turned around and tried to sell it for a huge profit. • The federal government paid $4 million in order to resolve this matter and also disputed Georgia’s right to the land. • Georgia also ceded (gave up) all of its land west of the Chattahoochee River to the federal government for $1.25 million.

9. Cotton Gin • Who invented the cotton gin? • What did the cotton gin do? • What was the result on slavery because of the cotton gin? • What was Georgia’s chief cash crop after the invention of the gin?

10. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. • The purpose of the gin was to remove the seed from cotton. • The gin increased the need for slavery because plantation owners were able to make a higher profit from the sale of cotton. • Cotton was Georgia’s chief cash crop after the gin was invented.

11. Railroads • How was the railroad important to Georgia’s war effort before and during the Civil War? • What was Terminus? • What railroad was the primary railroad in Georgia in the 1830’s?

12. Railroads were important to Georgia before and during the Civil War because it was an important mode of transportation. i.e. transportation of supplies, weapons, people etc. • Terminus (now Atlanta) was the end of the Western and Atlantic rail line. • The Western and Atlantic railroad was the primary railroad in Georgia in the 1830’s.

13. Alexander McGillivray • Who was Alexander McGillivray? • What was the Treaty of New York?

14. Alexander was the Creek leader in Oconee War between the Creek and Georgia pioneers. • The Treaty of New York was the Treaty signed by Alexander that gave up all Creek land east of the Oconee River.

15. William McIntosh • Who was William McIntosh? • What did he do? • What happened to end his life?

16. William McIntosh was a Creek Chief.3 • He was responsible for signing the Treaty of Indian Springs giving up the remainder of Creek land in North Georgia to the federal government. • His life was ended when the Creek marched into his home, stabbed him to death, then hung his scalp for all to see.

17. Sequoyah • Who was Sequoyah known for?

18. Sequoyah (George Gist) was known for creating the syllabary, a group of symbols that stood for whole syllables. His purpose for doing this was so that the Cherokee could have a written language like the white man.

19. Dahlonega Gold Rush • What happened in Dahlonega? • What happened as a result of this finding?

20. Gold was discovered in and around Dahlonega in the North Georgia mountains. • As a result of the discovery of gold, the Georgia legislature placed part of the Cherokee land under state control. The legislature declared Cherokee law null/void. The legislature would not let the Cherokee speak against any white person in a court of law.

21. Worcester v. Georgia • What happened to Samuel Worcester? • What happened in the Worcester v. Georgia court case? • What did Georgia do as a result of this case?

22. Samuel Worcester and several other men who were missionaries living on Cherokee land were arrested for not taking an oath of loyalty to Georgia. Because of this they were arrested. • Worcester took the case to court and U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall ruled that Worcester and the others would be freed because Cherokee territory was not subject to state law. • Georgia’s governor and also the president refused to honor the supreme court order.

23. John Ross • Who was John Ross and what did he do to help the Cherokee?

24. John Ross was a Cherokee chief who made several trips to Washington urging the government not to remove the Cherokee from their land.