9 : Defining Problems and Generating Solutions

1. 9 : Defining Problems and Generating Solutions In Architecture, as in all other Operative Arts, the End must direct the Operation. The End is to Build Well. Well Building hath three conditions: Commodity, Firmness and Delight Sir Henry Wotton, 1624 Riding the Project Life-cycle

2. Defining Problems and Generating Solutions • tame and wicked problems • solving the briefing problem • solving the design problem • the cult of wickedness • the management of design • tools for managing the briefing process Riding the Project Life-cycle

3. Tame and Wicked Problems • the conception and planning of the artificial • problems with bounds and optimal solutions • messy problems with robust solutions Riding the Project Life-cycle

4. Tame and Wicked Problems Riding the Project Life-cycle

5. Solving The Briefing Problem • briefing as a problem in information • public information • private information • blind information • uncertainty • reasons for impactedness • the role of visualisation • virtual • physical • the Johari window Riding the Project Life-cycle

6. The Johari Window known to client unknown to client public blind known to designer feedback uncertainty disclosure unknown to designer private unknown Riding the Project Life-cycle

7. Solving the Design Problem • the nature of scientific rationality • the linear model • tame problems • the conjectural model • wicked problems Riding the Project Life-cycle

8. The Linear Model tame problem analysis synthesis evaluation Riding the Project Life-cycle

9. The Conjectural Model wicked problem generator conjecture analysis Riding the Project Life-cycle

10. The Cult of Wickedness • the insistence that all design problems are wicked • the dimensions of the model • absolute uncertainty • mission emphasis • tameness and wickedness in the design problem Riding the Project Life-cycle

11. Tameness and Wickedness in the Design Problem mission uncertainty high low incremental adaptation push the envelope specification wickedness mission emphasis bright idea iconic architecture conception Riding the Project Life-cycle

12. The Management of Design • internal to the design practice • the primary generator • propose and dispose • the crit • within the project coalition • managing the Johari window • project reviews Riding the Project Life-cycle

13. Tools for Managing Briefing and Design • quality function deployment • functional analysis (FAST) • whole life costing Riding the Project Life-cycle

14. Quality Function Deployment • Japanese shipbuilding • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries • the voice of the customer • market research data • the voice of the supplier • engineering possibility • house of quality matrix • possibility and desire Riding the Project Life-cycle

15. Functional Analysis • understanding the business process • people and material flows • verb/noun couplets Riding the Project Life-cycle

16. Functional Analysis provide pleasant environment act as focal point for site attract customers be visible within building be a world class research centre facilitate interaction be extendible provide for future change be flexible and adaptable have low running costs

17. Whole Life Costing • the CAPEX/ OPEX trade-off • a good idea, but difficult in reality • problems in whole-life costing • the problems of discounting to the future • the lack of performance data • the new opportunities for WLC • low inflation • the growth of concession contracting Riding the Project Life-cycle