Module 6: Loss and Damage

1. Module 6:Loss and Damage Climate Diplomacy Support Materials for the 50th Session of the Subsidiary Bodies (SB 50) Prepared and Presented by Dr. Anna Schulz, Climate Diplomacy Specialist Presented in French by Ian Gunderson, Policy Analyst

2. Outline • History of the issue under the UNFCCC • Decisions taken at COP 24 • Mandates and Milestones 2020-2030 • Understanding the key outcomes of COP 24

3. Loss and Damage • Loss and damage enables countries to receive support in coping with climate impacts beyond adaptation • Institutional body: Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) • Mandate driven by 3 functions of the WIM • (a) Enhancing knowledge and understanding of comprehensive risk management approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including slow onset impacts • (b) Strengthening dialogue, coordination, coherence and synergies among relevant stakeholders • (c) Enhancing action and support, including finance, technology and capacity building, to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change Adapted from: LDC Group Coordination Meeting, October 2018, Loss and Damage Team Presentation

4. Loss and Damage in the Paris Agreement • Recognised the importance of averting, minimising and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change (Art. 8.1). • Anchored the WIM in the agreement (Art. 8.1). • Agreed to enhance understanding, action and support, including through the WIM, as appropriate, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change (Art. 8.3). • Agreed on the areas of cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action and support which may include (Art. 8.4): • Early warning systems; • Emergency preparedness; • Slow onset events; • Events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage; • Comprehensive risk assessment and management; • Risk insurance facilities, climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions; • Non-economic losses; • Resilience of communities, livelihoods and ecosystems. • Did not create a mandate for a loss and damage agenda item under the PAWP, only specific mandate is to the WIM under Art. 8.3. • In order to address loss and damage under the PAWP it is necessary to find “hooks” for it in the text of Decision 1/CP.21 and the Paris Agreement.

5. Decisions at COP 24 • Decision 10/CP.24 Report of the Executive Committee of the WIM • Decision 9/CMA.1 Further guidance in relation to the adaptation communication: • Does not refer to loss and damage but specifies the adaptation communication may include: “impacts, risks and vulnerabilities, as appropriate;” • Decision 18/CMA.1 Modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support • Section IV of the MPGs in Section B addresses impacts, risks and vulnerabilities, and Section G addresses information related to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with climate change impacts • Decision 19/CMA.1 Global Stocktake • The Stocktake “may take into account…efforts related to its work that: …(ii) Avert, minimize and address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change;…”

6. Mandates and Milestones for Loss and Damage Decision 1/CP.21 Katowice Outcomes New Negotiating Mandate Review of the WIM, Negotiations on the TOR of the WIM

7. Key Intersessional Activities • 9th Session of the Executive Committee of the WIM (9-11 April 2019) • Key outcomes: • Adopted the terms of reference (ToR) for the task force on displacement • Will support the Excom workstream on “enhanced cooperation and facilitation in relation to human mobility, including migration, displacement and relocation” • Facilitate the “implementation of the recommendations on integrated approaches to avert, minimize and address displacement” • Recommendations are contained in the Annex to the (ToR) • Agreed to priority activities in workstreams A-D of the five-year rolling workplan, these activities fall under workstreams on • (a) enhanced cooperation and facilitation in relation to slow onset events • (b) enhanced cooperation and facilitation in relation to non-economic losses (NELs) • (c) enhanced cooperation and facilitation in relation to comprehensive risk management approaches • (d) enhanced cooperation and facilitation in relation to human mobility including migration, displacement and relocation Further information at: https://unfccc.int/event/9th-meeting-of-the-excom-of-the-wim-for-ld-associated-with-climate-changes-impacts-0

8. Agenda Items at SB 50 on Adaptation • SBSTA • 4. Terms of reference for the 2019 review of the WIM • SBI • 9. Terms of reference for the 2019 review of the WIM

9. Acronyms • DRR Disaster risk reduction • ExCom Executive Committee • GST Global Stocktake • TFD Taskforce on Displacement • WIM Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change impacts

10. Thank You Dr. Anna Schulz Climate Diplomacy Specialist Global Green Growth Institute+82 010 9530-0894anna.schulz@gggi.org